Ability to Pay

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State Statute Description/Statute Name Statutory language Level of offense Definition of ability to pay Timeline Burden of proof Method of determination Mandatory Remedies if unable to pay
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Georgia Ga. Code Ann. § 17-12-51 Repayment of Attorney's Fees as a Condition of Probation

(a)  When a defendant who is represented by a public defender, who is paid in part or in whole by a county, enters a plea of nolo contendere, first offender, or

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guilty or is otherwise convicted, the court may impose as a condition of probation repayment of all or a portion of the cost for providing legal representation and other expenses of the defense if the payment does not impose a financial hardship upon the defendant or the defendant's dependent or dependents. The defendant shall make the payment through the community supervision officer to the county; (b)  When a defendant who is represented by a public defender, who is paid in part or in whole by a municipality, enters a plea of nolo contendere, first offender, or guilty or is otherwise convicted, the court may impose as a condition of probation repayment of all or a portion of the cost for providing legal representation and other expenses of the defense if the payment does not impose a financial hardship upon the defendant or the defendant's dependent or dependents. The defendant shall make the payment through the community supervision officer to the municipality; (c)  If a defendant who is represented by a public defender, who is paid for entirely by the state, enters a plea of nolo contendere, first offender, or guilty or is otherwise convicted, the court may impose as a condition of probation repayment of all or a portion of the cost for providing legal representation and other costs of the defense if the payment does not impose a financial hardship upon such defendant or such defendant's dependent or dependents. Such defendant shall make such payment through the community supervision officer to the Georgia Public Defender Council for payment to the general fund of the state treasury; (d)  In determining whether or not a payment imposed under this Code section imposes a financial hardship upon a defendant or defendant's dependent or dependents and in determining the amount of the payment to impose, the court shall consider the factors set forth in Code Section 17-14-10. The public defender may provide the court with an estimate of the cost for providing to the defendant the legal representation and other expenses of the defense. If requested by the defendant, the court shall hold a hearing to determine the amount to be paid; (e)  This Code section shall not apply to a disposition involving a child pursuant to Chapter 11 of Title 15, relating to juvenile proceedings.

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"Payment does not impose a financial hardship upon the defendant or the defendant's dependent or dependents;" Definition of "impose financial hardship found in Ga. Code Ann. § 17-14-10.

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Georgia Ga. Code. Ann. § 15-21-10 Procedure for Filing and Payment of Claims of Officers of Court When Indictment Found Not True, Defendant Acquitted, or Persons Unable to Pay

In cases where a bill of indictment is preferred and not found true by the grand jury, where a defendant is acquitted by a jury, or where persons liable by

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law for the payment of costs are unable to pay the same, the officers severally entitled to such costs may present an account therefor to the judge of the court in which the prosecutions were pending, which, after being examined and allowed by him, he shall order to be paid in the manner prescribed by law. The account and order shall be entered on the minutes of the court.

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"The officers severally entitled to such costs may present an account therefor to the judge of the court in which the prosecutions were pending, which, after being examined and allowed

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by him, he shall order to be paid in the manner prescribed by law."

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Georgia Ga. Code Ann. § 17-10-1(d) Fixing of Sentence; Suspension or Probation of Sentence; Change in Sentence; Eligibility for Parole; Prohibited Modifications; Exceptions

(1) As used in this subsection, the term: (A)  "Developmental disability" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 37-1-1. (B)  "Indigent" means an individual who earns less than 100

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percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. (C)  "Significant financial hardship" means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months. (D)  "Totally and permanently disabled" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 49-4-80;  (2)  In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court shall consider: (A)  The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such assets are jointly controlled; (B)  The defendant's earnings and other income; (C)  The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D)  The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E)  The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F)  Any other factor the court deems appropriate;  (3)  In any case involving a violation of local ordinance, misdemeanor, or felony in which the defendant has been punished in whole or in part by a fine, the court shall be authorized to allow the defendant to satisfy such fine or any fee imposed in connection with probation supervision through community service as set forth in Article 3 of Chapter 3 of Title 42. One hour of community service shall equal the dollar amount of one hour of paid labor at the minimum wage under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, in effect on January 1, 2018, unless otherwise specified by the court. A defendant shall be required to serve the number of hours in community service which equals the number derived by dividing the amount owed by the defendant, including moneys assessed by a provider of probation services, by the federal minimum hourly wage or by the amount specified by the court. If the court orders educational advancement, the court shall determine the numbers of hours required to be completed. Prior to or subsequent to sentencing, a defendant, or subsequent to sentencing, a community supervision officer, may request that the court make all or any portion of the amount owed by the defendant be satisfied under this subsection;  (4)  At the time of sentencing, the court may waive the imposition of a fine, exclusive of the payment of statutory surcharges, upon a determination that a defendant has a significant financial hardship or inability to pay or other extenuating factors exist that prohibit payment or collection of such fine. When determining significant financial hardship, the court may consider whether the defendant is indigent and whether the defendant or his or her dependents has a developmental disability or is totally and permanently disabled. If the court waives the imposition of a fine under this paragraph, it shall instead impose a theoretical fine and the defendant shall be required to pay the statutory surcharges associated therewith.

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"'Indigent' means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without

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undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. 'Significant financial hardship' means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No Not provided for
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Georgia Ga. Code Ann. § 15-21A-6(a);(c) Additional Filing Fees; Application Fee For Indigent Defense Services; Remittance of Funds

(a)  In addition to all other legal costs, there shall be charged to the filing party and collected by the clerk an additional filing fee of $15.00 in each civil action

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or case filed in the superior, state, recorder's, mayor's, and magistrate courts except that municipalities, counties, and political subdivisions shall be exempt from such fee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such fee shall apply to all adoptions, certiorari, trade name registrations, applications for change of name, and all other proceedings of a civil nature. Any matter which is docketed upon the official dockets of the enumerated courts and to which a number is assigned shall be subject to such fee, whether such matter is contested or not;  (c)  Any person who applies for or receives legal defense services under Chapter 12 of Title 17 shall pay the entity providing such services a single fee of $50.00 for the application for, receipt of, or application for and receipt of such services. The application fee shall not be imposed if the payment of the fee is waived by the court. The court shall waive the fee if it finds that the applicant is unable to pay the fee or that measurable hardship will result if the fee is charged. If the application fee required by this subsection has not been paid prior to the time the defendant is sentenced, the court shall impose such fee as a condition of probation.

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"Unable to pay the fee or that measurable hardship will result if the fee is charged."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

"The application fee shall not be imposed if the payment of the fee is waived by the court."

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Georgia Ga. Code Ann. § 42-8-34(e)(1) Sentencing Hearings and Determinations; Presentence Investigations; Payment of Fees, Fines, and Costs; Post-Conviction, Presentence Bond; Continuing Jurisdiction; Transferal of Probation Supervision

The court may, in its discretion, require the payment of a fine, fees, or restitution as a condition of probation. Chapter 14 of Title 17 shall control when determining the

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amount of restitution. When probation supervision is required, the court may require the payment of a probation supervision fee as a condition of probation. In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court may consider: (A)  The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (B)  The defendant's earnings and other income; (C)  The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D)  The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E)  The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F)  Any other factor the court deems appropriate.

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"The court may consider: (A)  The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (B)  The defendant's earnings and other income; (C)  The defendant's financial obligations, including

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obligations to dependents; (D)  The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E)  The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F)  Any other factor the court deems appropriate."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No Not provided for
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Georgia Ga. Code. Ann. § 42-8-102(c) Probation and Supervision; Determination of Fees, Fines, and Restitution; Converting Moneys Owed to Community Service or Educational Advancement; Continuing Jurisdiction; Revocation; Transfer

The court may, in its discretion, require the payment of a fine, fees, or restitution as a condition of probation. The provisions of Chapter 14 of Title 17 shall control

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in determining the amount of restitution. When probation supervision is required, the court may require the payment of a probation supervision fee as a condition of probation. In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court may consider: (1)  The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (2)  The defendant's earnings and other income; (3)  The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (4)  The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (5)  The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (6)  Any other factor the court deems appropriate.(d)  The court may convert fines, statutory surcharges, and probation supervision fees to community service or educational advancement on the same basis as it allows a defendant to pay a fine through community service or educational advancement as set forth in subsection (d) of Code Section 17-10-1.

Misdemeanor

"The court may consider: (1)  The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (2)  The defendant's earnings and other income; (3)  The defendant's financial obligations, including

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obligations to dependents; (4)  The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (5)  The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (6)  Any other factor the court deems appropriate."

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Community Service or Educational Advancement.

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Georgia Ga. Code. Ann. § 17-10-1(d) Fixing of Sentence; Suspension or Probation of Sentence; Change in Sentence; Eligibility for Parole; Prohibited Modifications; Exceptions

(1)  As used in this subsection, the term: (A)  "Developmental disability" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 37-1-1. (B)  "Indigent" means an individual who earns less than 100

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percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. (C)  "Significant financial hardship" means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months. (D)  "Totally and permanently disabled" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 49-4-80.  (2)  In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court shall consider: (A)  The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such assets are jointly controlled; (B)  The defendant's earnings and other income; (C)  The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D)  The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E)  The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F)  Any other factor the court deems appropriate;  (3)  In any case involving a violation of local ordinance, misdemeanor, or felony in which the defendant has been punished in whole or in part by a fine, the court shall be authorized to allow the defendant to satisfy such fine or any fee imposed in connection with probation supervision through community service as set forth in Article 3 of Chapter 3 of Title 42. One hour of community service shall equal the dollar amount of one hour of paid labor at the minimum wage under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, in effect on January 1, 2018, unless otherwise specified by the court. A defendant shall be required to serve the number of hours in community service which equals the number derived by dividing the amount owed by the defendant, including moneys assessed by a provider of probation services, by the federal minimum hourly wage or by the amount specified by the court. If the court orders educational advancement, the court shall determine the numbers of hours required to be completed. Prior to or subsequent to sentencing, a defendant, or subsequent to sentencing, a community supervision officer, may request that the court make all or any portion of the amount owed by the defendant be satisfied under this subsection;  (4)  At the time of sentencing, the court may waive the imposition of a fine, exclusive of the payment of statutory surcharges, upon a determination that a defendant has a significant financial hardship or inability to pay or other extenuating factors exist that prohibit payment or collection of such fine. When determining significant financial hardship, the court may consider whether the defendant is indigent and whether the defendant or his or her dependents has a developmental disability or is totally and permanently disabled. If the court waives the imposition of a fine under this paragraph, it shall instead impose a theoretical fine and the defendant shall be required to pay the statutory surcharges associated therewith.

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"'Indigent' means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without

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undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents.  'Significant financial hardship' means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months."

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Georgia Ga. Code Ann. § 17-14-15(b) Peonage Not Authorized by Article; Denial of Benefits Because of Poverty Prohibited

No offender shall be denied any benefit, relief, or privilege to which he or she might otherwise be entitled or eligible solely because he or she is financially unable and

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cannot become financially able to make restitution.

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Georgia Ga. Code Ann. § 15-9-60(d) Fees

Subject to the provisions of Code Section 15-9-61, and except for the filing of a proceeding in which the filing party also files with the court a sworn affidavit that the

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party is unable because of indigence to pay the cost of court, all sums specified in this Code section shall be paid to the court at the time of filing or as thereafter incurred for services rendered. In accordance with Code Section 15-9-61, the judges of the probate courts are entitled to an advance cost of $30.00 for deposit to be made before filing any proceeding.

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"Indigence to pay the cost of court."

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Virginia Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-355 Petition of defendant
(a) In determining whether the defendant is unable to pay such fine forthwith, the court may require such defendant to file a petition, under oath, with the court, upon a
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form provided by the court, setting forth the financial condition of the defendant. (b) Such form shall be a questionnaire, and shall include, but shall not be limited to: the name and residence of the defendant; his occupation, if any; his family status and the number of persons dependent upon him; his monthly income; whether or not his dependents are employed and, if so, their approximate monthly income; his banking accounts, if any; real estate owned by the defendant, or any interest he may have in real estate; income produced therefrom; any independent income accruing to the defendant; tangible and intangible personal property owned by the defendant, or in which he may have an interest; and a statement listing the approximate indebtedness of the defendant to other persons. Such form shall also include a payment plan of the defendant, if the court should exercise its discretion in permitting the payment of such fine and costs in installments or other conditions to be fixed by the court.
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permitting the payment of such fine and costs in installments or other conditions to be fixed by the court

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Virginia Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-358(C) Show cause hearing on default
B. Following the order to show cause or following a capias issued for a defendant's failure to comply with a court order to appear issued pursuant to subsection A of
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§ 19.2-354, unless the defendant shows that his default was not attributable to an intentional refusal to obey the sentence of the court, or not attributable to a failure on his part to make a good faith effort to obtain the necessary funds for payment, or unless the defendant shows that any failure to appear was not attributable to an intentional refusal to obey the order of the court, the court may order the defendant confined as for a contempt for a term not to exceed sixty days or impose a fine not to exceed $500. The court may provide in its order that payment or satisfaction of the amounts in default at any time will entitle the defendant to his release from such confinement or, after entering the order, may at any time reduce the sentence for good cause shown, including payment or satisfaction of such amounts. C. If it appears that the default is excusable under the standards set forth in subsection B hereof, the court may enter an order allowing the defendant additional time for payment, reducing the amount due or of each installment, or remitting the unpaid portion in whole or in part.
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additional time for payment, reducing the amount due or of each installment, or remitting the unpaid portion in whole or in part

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Virginia Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-363 Authority of Governor to grant relief from fines and penalties in case of deceased defendant
provided, that when the party against whom the fine or penalty has been imposed and judgment rendered therefor has departed this life leaving a spouse or children surviving, the Governor
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may remit such fine or penalty upon the certificate of the judge of the circuit court of the county or city wherein such fine or penalty was imposed and judgment rendered, that to enforce the same against the estate, real or personal, of the decedent, would impose hardship upon the spouse or children
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would impose hardship upon the spouse or children

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remittance

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Virginia Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-271.1(B) Waiver of fee - indigency Upon a positive finding that the defendant is indigent, the court may reduce or waive the fee. All

Indigence

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waiver of fee