50-State Criminal Justice Debt Reform Builder Bringing transparency to areas of significant legal complexity.
Ability to Pay
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Below are the ability to pay laws that meet your search criteria. Many include a See related provisions prompt which searches our database for laws that may pertain to your result.
39 Results
| State | Statute | Description/Statute Name | Statutory language | Level of offense | Definition of ability to pay | Timeline | Burden of proof | Method of determination | Mandatory | Remedies if unable to pay | |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 17-12-51 | Repayment of Attorney's Fees as a Condition of Probation |
(a) When a defendant who is represented by a public defender, who is paid in part or in whole by a county, enters a plea of nolo contendere, first offender, or guilty or is otherwise convicted, the court may impose as a condition of probation repayment of all or a portion of the cost for providing legal representation and other expenses of the defense if the payment does not impose a financial hardship upon the defendant or the defendant's dependent or dependents. The defendant shall make the payment through the community supervision officer to the county; (b) When a defendant who is represented by a public defender, who is paid in part or in whole by a municipality, enters a plea of nolo contendere, first offender, or guilty or is otherwise convicted, the court may impose as a condition of probation repayment of all or a portion of the cost for providing legal representation and other expenses of the defense if the payment does not impose a financial hardship upon the defendant or the defendant's dependent or dependents. The defendant shall make the payment through the community supervision officer to the municipality; (c) If a defendant who is represented by a public defender, who is paid for entirely by the state, enters a plea of nolo contendere, first offender, or guilty or is otherwise convicted, the court may impose as a condition of probation repayment of all or a portion of the cost for providing legal representation and other costs of the defense if the payment does not impose a financial hardship upon such defendant or such defendant's dependent or dependents. Such defendant shall make such payment through the community supervision officer to the Georgia Public Defender Council for payment to the general fund of the state treasury; (d) In determining whether or not a payment imposed under this Code section imposes a financial hardship upon a defendant or defendant's dependent or dependents and in determining the amount of the payment to impose, the court shall consider the factors set forth in Code Section 17-14-10. The public defender may provide the court with an estimate of the cost for providing to the defendant the legal representation and other expenses of the defense. If requested by the defendant, the court shall hold a hearing to determine the amount to be paid; (e) This Code section shall not apply to a disposition involving a child pursuant to Chapter 11 of Title 15, relating to juvenile proceedings.
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All |
"Payment does not impose a financial hardship upon the defendant or the defendant's dependent or dependents;" Definition of "impose financial hardship found in Ga. Code Ann. § 17-14-10. |
Not provided for | Not provided for | Not provided for | No | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 17-14-5(e) | Restitution by Juvenile Delinquent; Retention of Jurisdiction to Enforce Order Against Juvenile After Attainment of Age 21; Transfer of Enforcement Jurisdiction; Parent's Obligation for Restitution |
If the court determines that a juvenile is or will be unable to pay all of the restitution ordered, after notice to the juvenile's parent or parents and an opportunity for the parent or parents to be heard, the court may order the parent or parents to pay any portion of the restitution ordered that is outstanding where the court or a jury finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent or parents knew or should have known of the juvenile's propensity to commit such acts and the acts are due to the parent's or parents' negligence or reckless disregard for the juvenile's propensity to commit such acts. Upon the eighteenth birthday of the juvenile, the parental obligation to pay restitution shall be terminated.
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All |
"Is or will be unable to pay all of the restitution ordered." |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | Yes |
Requiring the juvenile's parent or parents to pay if they are found to be aware of an negligent or reckless in preventing their juvenile's propensity to commit such acts. |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 15-10-82 | Hearing Fee on Application for Search or Arrest Warrant or Deposit Account Fraud Citation; No Fee Assessed Against Certain Alleged Victims |
For hearing an application for an arrest or search warrant or deposit account fraud citation, the fee charged shall not exceed $20.00, but this fee may be waived by the issuing magistrate if he or she finds that because of the financial circumstances of the party applying for the warrant or citation or for other reasons this fee should not be charged in justice, provided that no fee shall be assessed against the alleged victim of a violation of Code Section 16-5-90, 16-5-91, 16-6-1, 16-6-2, 16-6-3, 16-6-4, 16-6-5.1, 16-6-22.1, or 16-6-22.2 or against the alleged victim of any domestic violence offense for costs associated with the filing of criminal charges against the stalking offender, sexual offender, or domestic violence offender or for the issuance or service of a warrant, protective order, or witness subpoena arising from the incident of stalking, sexual assault, or domestic violence.
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All |
"Because of the financial circumstances of the party applying for the warrant or citation or for other reasons this fee should not be charged in justice." |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Not provided for | Yes |
The court may waive the fee. |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 42-8-102(e) | Probation and Supervision; Determination of Fees, Fines, and Restitution; Converting Moneys Owed to Community Service or Educational Advancement; Continuing Jurisdiction; Revocation; Transfer |
(1) As used in this subsection, the term: (A) "Developmental disability" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 37-1-1. (B) "Indigent" means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. (C) "Significant financial hardship" means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months. (D) "Totally and permanently disabled" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 49-4-80; (2) The court shall waive, modify, or convert fines, statutory surcharges, probation supervision fees, and any other moneys assessed by the court or a provider of probation services upon a determination by the court prior to or subsequent to sentencing that a defendant has a significant financial hardship or inability to pay or that there are any other extenuating factors which prohibit payment or collection; provided, however, that the imposition of sanctions for failure to pay such sums shall be within the discretion of the court through judicial process or hearings; (3) Unless rebutted by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant will be able to satisfy his or her financial obligations without undue hardship to the defendant or his or her dependents, a defendant shall be presumed to have a significant financial hardship if he or she: (A) Has a developmental disability; (B) Is totally and permanently disabled; (C) Is indigent; or (D) Has been released from confinement within the preceding 12 months and was incarcerated for more than 30 days before his or her release.
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All |
"'Indigent; means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents; 'Significant financial hardship' means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months."
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Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | Yes |
The court must either reduce the fine, fee or surcharge to an amount the defendant can pay, or convert it to community service. |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 17-14-10 | Factors to be Considered by Ordering Authority in Determining Nature and Amount of Restitution |
(a) In determining the nature and amount of restitution, the ordering authority shall consider: (1) The financial resources and other assets of the offender or person ordered to pay restitution including whether any of the assets are jointly controlled; (2) The earnings and other income of the offender or person ordered to pay restitution; (3) Any financial obligations of the offender or person ordered to pay restitution, including obligations to dependents; (4) The amount of damages; (5) The goal of restitution to the victim and the goal of rehabilitation of the offender; (6) Any restitution previously made; (7) The period of time during which the restitution order will be in effect; and (8) Other factors which the ordering authority deems to be appropriate; (b) If, subsequent to restitution being ordered pursuant to this article, a victim is convicted of a crime for which restitution is ordered, the ordering authority shall consider the previously ordered restitution as part of the financial resources of such victim.
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All | Not provided for | At enforcement of fine or fee | Not provided for | Other | Yes | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code. Ann. § 15-21-10 | Procedure for Filing and Payment of Claims of Officers of Court When Indictment Found Not True, Defendant Acquitted, or Persons Unable to Pay |
In cases where a bill of indictment is preferred and not found true by the grand jury, where a defendant is acquitted by a jury, or where persons liable by law for the payment of costs are unable to pay the same, the officers severally entitled to such costs may present an account therefor to the judge of the court in which the prosecutions were pending, which, after being examined and allowed by him, he shall order to be paid in the manner prescribed by law. The account and order shall be entered on the minutes of the court.
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All | Not provided for | At enforcement of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No |
"The officers severally entitled to such costs may present an account therefor to the judge of the court in which the prosecutions were pending, which, after being examined and allowed by him, he shall order to be paid in the manner prescribed by law."
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 17-10-1(d) | Fixing of Sentence; Suspension or Probation of Sentence; Change in Sentence; Eligibility for Parole; Prohibited Modifications; Exceptions |
(1) As used in this subsection, the term: (A) "Developmental disability" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 37-1-1. (B) "Indigent" means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. (C) "Significant financial hardship" means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months. (D) "Totally and permanently disabled" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 49-4-80; (2) In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court shall consider: (A) The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such assets are jointly controlled; (B) The defendant's earnings and other income; (C) The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D) The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E) The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F) Any other factor the court deems appropriate; (3) In any case involving a violation of local ordinance, misdemeanor, or felony in which the defendant has been punished in whole or in part by a fine, the court shall be authorized to allow the defendant to satisfy such fine or any fee imposed in connection with probation supervision through community service as set forth in Article 3 of Chapter 3 of Title 42. One hour of community service shall equal the dollar amount of one hour of paid labor at the minimum wage under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, in effect on January 1, 2018, unless otherwise specified by the court. A defendant shall be required to serve the number of hours in community service which equals the number derived by dividing the amount owed by the defendant, including moneys assessed by a provider of probation services, by the federal minimum hourly wage or by the amount specified by the court. If the court orders educational advancement, the court shall determine the numbers of hours required to be completed. Prior to or subsequent to sentencing, a defendant, or subsequent to sentencing, a community supervision officer, may request that the court make all or any portion of the amount owed by the defendant be satisfied under this subsection; (4) At the time of sentencing, the court may waive the imposition of a fine, exclusive of the payment of statutory surcharges, upon a determination that a defendant has a significant financial hardship or inability to pay or other extenuating factors exist that prohibit payment or collection of such fine. When determining significant financial hardship, the court may consider whether the defendant is indigent and whether the defendant or his or her dependents has a developmental disability or is totally and permanently disabled. If the court waives the imposition of a fine under this paragraph, it shall instead impose a theoretical fine and the defendant shall be required to pay the statutory surcharges associated therewith.
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All |
"'Indigent' means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. 'Significant financial hardship' means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months."
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Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 15-21A-6(a);(c) | Additional Filing Fees; Application Fee For Indigent Defense Services; Remittance of Funds |
(a) In addition to all other legal costs, there shall be charged to the filing party and collected by the clerk an additional filing fee of $15.00 in each civil action or case filed in the superior, state, recorder's, mayor's, and magistrate courts except that municipalities, counties, and political subdivisions shall be exempt from such fee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such fee shall apply to all adoptions, certiorari, trade name registrations, applications for change of name, and all other proceedings of a civil nature. Any matter which is docketed upon the official dockets of the enumerated courts and to which a number is assigned shall be subject to such fee, whether such matter is contested or not; (c) Any person who applies for or receives legal defense services under Chapter 12 of Title 17 shall pay the entity providing such services a single fee of $50.00 for the application for, receipt of, or application for and receipt of such services. The application fee shall not be imposed if the payment of the fee is waived by the court. The court shall waive the fee if it finds that the applicant is unable to pay the fee or that measurable hardship will result if the fee is charged. If the application fee required by this subsection has not been paid prior to the time the defendant is sentenced, the court shall impose such fee as a condition of probation.
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All |
"Unable to pay the fee or that measurable hardship will result if the fee is charged." |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No |
"The application fee shall not be imposed if the payment of the fee is waived by the court." |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 42-8-34(e)(1) | Sentencing Hearings and Determinations; Presentence Investigations; Payment of Fees, Fines, and Costs; Post-Conviction, Presentence Bond; Continuing Jurisdiction; Transferal of Probation Supervision |
The court may, in its discretion, require the payment of a fine, fees, or restitution as a condition of probation. Chapter 14 of Title 17 shall control when determining the amount of restitution. When probation supervision is required, the court may require the payment of a probation supervision fee as a condition of probation. In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court may consider: (A) The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (B) The defendant's earnings and other income; (C) The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D) The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E) The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F) Any other factor the court deems appropriate.
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All |
"The court may consider: (A) The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (B) The defendant's earnings and other income; (C) The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D) The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E) The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F) Any other factor the court deems appropriate."
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Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code. Ann. § 42-8-102(c) | Probation and Supervision; Determination of Fees, Fines, and Restitution; Converting Moneys Owed to Community Service or Educational Advancement; Continuing Jurisdiction; Revocation; Transfer |
The court may, in its discretion, require the payment of a fine, fees, or restitution as a condition of probation. The provisions of Chapter 14 of Title 17 shall control in determining the amount of restitution. When probation supervision is required, the court may require the payment of a probation supervision fee as a condition of probation. In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court may consider: (1) The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (2) The defendant's earnings and other income; (3) The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (4) The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (5) The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (6) Any other factor the court deems appropriate.(d) The court may convert fines, statutory surcharges, and probation supervision fees to community service or educational advancement on the same basis as it allows a defendant to pay a fine through community service or educational advancement as set forth in subsection (d) of Code Section 17-10-1.
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Misdemeanor |
"The court may consider: (1) The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such asset is jointly controlled; (2) The defendant's earnings and other income; (3) The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (4) The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (5) The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (6) Any other factor the court deems appropriate."
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At enforcement of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No |
Community Service or Educational Advancement. |
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Georgia | Ga. Code. Ann. § 17-10-1(d) | Fixing of Sentence; Suspension or Probation of Sentence; Change in Sentence; Eligibility for Parole; Prohibited Modifications; Exceptions |
(1) As used in this subsection, the term: (A) "Developmental disability" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 37-1-1. (B) "Indigent" means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. (C) "Significant financial hardship" means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months. (D) "Totally and permanently disabled" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 49-4-80. (2) In determining the financial obligations, other than restitution, to impose on the defendant, the court shall consider: (A) The defendant's financial resources and other assets, including whether any such assets are jointly controlled; (B) The defendant's earnings and other income; (C) The defendant's financial obligations, including obligations to dependents; (D) The period of time during which the probation order will be in effect; (E) The goal of the punishment being imposed; and (F) Any other factor the court deems appropriate; (3) In any case involving a violation of local ordinance, misdemeanor, or felony in which the defendant has been punished in whole or in part by a fine, the court shall be authorized to allow the defendant to satisfy such fine or any fee imposed in connection with probation supervision through community service as set forth in Article 3 of Chapter 3 of Title 42. One hour of community service shall equal the dollar amount of one hour of paid labor at the minimum wage under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, in effect on January 1, 2018, unless otherwise specified by the court. A defendant shall be required to serve the number of hours in community service which equals the number derived by dividing the amount owed by the defendant, including moneys assessed by a provider of probation services, by the federal minimum hourly wage or by the amount specified by the court. If the court orders educational advancement, the court shall determine the numbers of hours required to be completed. Prior to or subsequent to sentencing, a defendant, or subsequent to sentencing, a community supervision officer, may request that the court make all or any portion of the amount owed by the defendant be satisfied under this subsection; (4) At the time of sentencing, the court may waive the imposition of a fine, exclusive of the payment of statutory surcharges, upon a determination that a defendant has a significant financial hardship or inability to pay or other extenuating factors exist that prohibit payment or collection of such fine. When determining significant financial hardship, the court may consider whether the defendant is indigent and whether the defendant or his or her dependents has a developmental disability or is totally and permanently disabled. If the court waives the imposition of a fine under this paragraph, it shall instead impose a theoretical fine and the defendant shall be required to pay the statutory surcharges associated therewith.
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All |
"'Indigent' means an individual who earns less than 100 percent of the federal poverty guidelines unless there is evidence that the individual has other resources that might reasonably be used without undue hardship for such individual or his or her dependents. 'Significant financial hardship' means a reasonable probability that an individual will be unable to satisfy his or her financial obligations for two or more consecutive months."
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Not provided for | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 42-8-105(f) | Probationer Obligation to Keep Officer Informed of Certain Information; Tolling for Failure to Meet Certain Obligations; Procedure |
Any unpaid fines, restitution, or other moneys owed as a condition of probation shall be due when the probationer is arrested; provided, however, that if the entire balance of his or her probation is revoked, all the conditions of probation, including moneys owed, shall be negated by his or her imprisonment. If only part of the balance of the probation is revoked, the court shall determine the probationer's responsibility for the amount of the unpaid fines, restitution, and other moneys owed that shall be imposed upon his or her return to probation after release from imprisonment and may reduce arrearages under the same circumstances and conditions as set forth in subsection (f) of Code Section 42-8-102.
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All | Not provided for | At enforcement of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | Yes | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 17-14-15(b) | Peonage Not Authorized by Article; Denial of Benefits Because of Poverty Prohibited |
No offender shall be denied any benefit, relief, or privilege to which he or she might otherwise be entitled or eligible solely because he or she is financially unable and cannot become financially able to make restitution.
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All | Not provided for | Not provided for | Not provided for | Not provided for | No | Not provided for |
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Georgia | Ga. Code Ann. § 15-9-60(d) | Fees |
Subject to the provisions of Code Section 15-9-61, and except for the filing of a proceeding in which the filing party also files with the court a sworn affidavit that the party is unable because of indigence to pay the cost of court, all sums specified in this Code section shall be paid to the court at the time of filing or as thereafter incurred for services rendered. In accordance with Code Section 15-9-61, the judges of the probate courts are entitled to an advance cost of $30.00 for deposit to be made before filing any proceeding.
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All |
"Indigence to pay the cost of court." |
At enforcement of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge after hearing | No | Not provided for |
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Missouri | Mo. Ann. Stat. § 557.011 | Authorized dispositions |
In the event a sentence of confinement is ordered executed, a court may order that an individual serve all or any portion of such sentence on electronic monitoring; except that all costs associated with the electronic monitoring shall be charged to the person on house arrest. If the judge finds the person unable to afford the costs associated with electronic monitoring, the judge may order that the person be placed on house arrest with electronic monitoring if the county commission agrees to pay the costs of such monitoring. If the person on house arrest is unable to afford the costs associated with electronic monitoring and the county commission does not agree to pay from the general revenue of the county the costs of such electronic monitoring, the judge shall not order that the person be placed on house arrest with electronic monitoring.
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All |
Unable to afford costs |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge without hearing | No |
Payment by county |
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Missouri | Mo. Ann. Stat. § 559.021(6) | Conditions of probation--compensation of victims--free work, public or charitable--defendant not an employee for workers’ compensation purposes--payment to county restitution fund, when |
A defendant who fails to make a payment to a county law enforcement restitution fund may not have his or her probation revoked solely for failing to make such payment unless the judge, after evidentiary hearing, makes a finding supported by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant either willfully refused to make the payment or that the defendant willfully, intentionally, and purposefully failed to make sufficient bona fide efforts to acquire the resources to pay.
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All |
Not provided for |
At enforcement of fine or fee | Burden on government to show ability to pay | Determined by judge after hearing | Yes |
Probation not revoked |
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Missouri | Mo. Ann. Stat. § 479.260(1) | Court costs and fees, judicial education fund, purpose, administration |
Municipalities by ordinance may provide for fees in an amount per case to be set pursuant to sections 488.010 to 488.020 for each municipal ordinance violation case filed before a municipal judge, and in the event a defendant pleads guilty or is found guilty, the judge may assess costs against the defendant except in those cases where the defendant is found by the judge to be indigent and unable to pay the costs.
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All |
Indigent |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge without hearing | Yes |
Fees not assessed. |
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Missouri | Mo. Ann. Stat. § 600.090(1) | Determination of ability to pay all or part of representation costs--lien for reasonable value of services, procedure--deposit of funds collected |
If a person is determined to be eligible for the services provided by the state public defender system and if, at the time such determination is made, he is able to provide a limited cash contribution toward the cost of his representation without imposing a substantial hardship upon himself or his dependents, such contribution shall be required as a condition of his representation by the state public defender system.
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All |
Able to provide limited cash contribution without imposing substantial hardship upon himself or his dependents. |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Determined by judge without hearing | Yes |
Payment of total costs of representation |
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Missouri | Mo. Ann. Stat. § 558.008 | Revocation of a fine |
A defendant who has been sentenced to pay a fine may at any time petition the sentencing court for a revocation of a fine or any unpaid portion thereof. If it appears to the satisfaction of the court that the circumstances which warranted the imposition of the fine no longer exist or that it would otherwise be unjust to require payment of the fine, the court may revoke the fine or the unpaid portion in whole or in part or may modify the method of payment.
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All |
Unjust to require payment |
At defendant's request at enforcement | Not provided for | Not provided for | No |
Revocation of fine |
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Missouri | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 479.260(2) | Court costs and fees, judicial education fund, purpose, administration |
In municipal ordinance violation cases which are filed in the associate circuit division of the circuit court, fees shall be assessed in each case in an amount to be set pursuant to sections 488.010 to 488.020. In the event a defendant pleads guilty or is found guilty, the judge shall assess costs against the defendant except in those cases where the defendant is found by the judge to be indigent and unable to pay the costs.
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All |
Indigent and unable to pay the costs |
Before imposition of fine or fee | Not provided for | Not provided for | Yes |
Costs not assessed. |
The Criminal Justice Debt Reform Builder is a project of the National Criminal Justice Debt Initiative of the Criminal Justice Policy Program at Harvard Law School in collaboration with the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University and with user experience design by metaLAB (at) Harvard.
For more information, please visit cjpp.law.harvard.edu.