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State Statute Description/Statute Name Statutory language Level of offense Definition of ability to pay Timeline Burden of proof Method of determination Mandatory Remedies if unable to pay
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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 266, § 27A Removing or Concealing Motor Vehicles or Trailers to Defraud Insurers; Reimbursement of Insurers.

If a defendant who is required to make restitution defaults in any payment of restitution or installment thereof, the court shall hold him in contempt unless said defendant has made

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a good faith effort to pay such restitution. If said defendant has made a good faith effort to pay such restitution, the court may modify the amount, time or method of payment, but may not grant complete remission from payment of restitution.

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N/A

At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge without hearing No

modify the amount, time or method of payment, but may not grant complete remission from payment of restitution.

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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 279, § 1A Suspension of execution of sentence; probation; child support payments

If during or at the end of said period the probation officer shall report that the fine is in whole or in part unpaid, and in his opinion the person

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is unwilling or unable to pay it, the court may either extend said period, place the case on file or revoke the suspension of the execution of the sentence. When such suspension is revoked, in a case where the fine has been paid in part, the defendant may be committed for default in payment of the balance, and may also be committed for the term of imprisonment fixed in the original sentence. 

All Not provided for At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge without hearing No

Extend probation period

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New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 651:66 Revocation of Restitution

The supervising agency, or the offender who has been sentenced to pay restitution and has not inexcusably defaulted in payment thereof, may at any time petition the court which sentenced

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him for a revocation of any unpaid portion of the restitution. If the court finds that the circumstances which warranted the imposition of the restitution have changed, or that it would otherwise be unjust to require payment, the court may revoke the unpaid portion of the restitution in whole or in part, or modify the time and method of payment.

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Circumstances which warranted the imposition of the restitution have changed, or that it would otherwise be unjust to require payment.

At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge without hearing No

Revoke the unpaid portion of the restitution in whole or in part, or modify the time and method of payment.

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Washington Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 9.94B.040(4)(c) Noncompliance with condition or requirement of sentence — Procedure — Penalty.

(c) The state has the burden of showing noncompliance by a preponderance of the evidence. The court may not sanction the offender for failure to pay legal financial obligations unless

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the court finds, after a hearing and on the record, that the failure to pay is willful. A failure to pay is willful if the offender has the current ability to pay but refuses to do so. In determining whether the offender has the current ability to pay, the court shall inquire into and consider: (i) The offender’s income and assets; (ii) the offender’s basic living costs as defined by RCW 10.101.010 and other liabilities including child support and other legal financial obligations; and (iii) the offender’s bona fide efforts to acquire additional resources. An offender who is indigent as defined by RCW 10.101.010(3) (a) through (c) is presumed to lack the current ability to pay;

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Court shall inquire into and consider: (i) The offender’s income and assets; (ii) the offender’s basic living costs as defined by RCW 10.101.010 and other liabilities including child support and

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other legal financial obligations; and (iii) the offender’s bona fide efforts to acquire additional resources; indigent.

At enforcement of fine or fee Burden on government to show ability to pay Determined by judge without hearing No

Court may not sanction the offender for failure to pay legal financial obligations

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Washington Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 10.01.180(3),(5) Fine or costs — Default in payment — Contempt of court — Enforcement, collection procedures

(3) (a) The court shall not sanction a defendant for contempt based on failure to pay fines, penalties, assessments, fees, or costs unless the court finds, after a hearing and on the

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record, that the failure to pay is willful. A failure to pay is willful if the defendant has the current ability to pay but refuses to do so. (b) In determining whether the defendant has the current ability to pay, the court shall inquire into and consider: (i) The defendant’s income and assets; (ii) the defendant’s basic living costs as defined by RCW 10.101.010 and other liabilities including child support and other legal financial obligations; and (iii) the defendant’s bona fide efforts to acquire additional resources. A defendant who is indigent as defined by RCW 10.101.010(3) (a) through (c) is presumed to lack the current ability to pay. (c) If the court determines that the defendant is homeless or a person who is mentally ill, as defined in RCW 71.24.025, failure to pay a legal financial obligation is not willful contempt and shall not subject the defendant to penalties.
(5) If it appears to the satisfaction of the court that the default in the payment of any fine, penalty, assessment, fee, or costs is not willful contempt, the court may, and if the defendant is indigent as defined in RCW 10.101.010(3) (a) through (c), the court shall enter an order: (a) Allowing the defendant additional time for payment; (b) reducing the amount thereof or of each installment; (c) revoking the fine, penalty, assessment, fee, or costs or the unpaid portion thereof in whole or in part; or (d) converting the unpaid fine, penalty, assessment, fee, or costs to community restitution hours, if the jurisdiction operates a community restitution program, at the rate of no less than the state minimum wage established in RCW 49.46.020 for each hour of community restitution. The crime victim penalty assessment under RCW 7.68.035 may not be reduced, revoked, or converted to community restitution hours.

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Court shall inquire into and consider: (i) The defendant’s income and assets; (ii) the defendant’s basic living costs as defined by RCW 10.101.010 and other liabilities including child support and other legal

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financial obligations; and (iii) the defendant’s bona fide efforts to acquire additional resources; indigent.

At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge without hearing No

Court shall enter an order: (a) Allowing the defendant additional time for payment; (b) reducing the amount thereof or of each installment; (c) revoking the fine, penalty, assessment, fee, or

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costs or the unpaid portion thereof in whole or in part; or (d) converting the unpaid fine, penalty, assessment, fee, or costs to community restitution hours.

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West Virginia W. Va. Code § 50-3-2a(c)(1) Payment by credit card or payment plan; suspension of licenses for failure to make payments or appear or respond; restitution; liens

(c)(1) If any costs, fines, fees, forfeitures, restitution or penalties imposed by the magistrate court in a criminal case are not paid within one hundred eighty days from the date of

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judgment and the expiration of any stay of execution, the magistrate court clerk or, upon judgment rendered on appeal, the circuit clerk shall notify the Commissioner of the Division of Motor Vehicles of the failure to pay: Provided, That in a criminal case in which a nonresident of this state is convicted of a motor vehicle violation defined in section three-a [§ 17B-3-3a], article three, chapter seventeen-b of this code, the appropriate clerk shall notify the Division of Motor Vehicles of the failure to pay within eighty days from the date of judgment and expiration of any stay of execution. Upon notice, the Division of Motor Vehicles shall suspend any privilege the person defaulting on payment may have to operate a motor vehicle in this state, including any driver's license issued to the person by the Division of Motor Vehicles, until all costs, fines, fees, forfeitures, restitution or penalties are paid in full. The suspension shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of section six [§ 17B-3-6], article three, chapter seventeen-b of this code: Provided, That any person who has had his or her license to operate a motor vehicle in this state suspended pursuant to this subsection and his or her failure to pay is based upon inability to pay, may, if he or she is employed on a full- or part-time basis, petition to the circuit court for an order authorizing him or her to operate a motor vehicle solely for employment purposes. Upon a showing satisfactory to the court of inability to pay, employment and compliance with other applicable motor vehicle laws, the court shall issue an order granting relief.

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Not provided for

At enforcement of fine or fee Burden on defendant to show inability to pay Determined by judge without hearing No

Circuit court may issue an order authorizing the individual to operate a motor vehicle solely for employment purposes.

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Wyoming Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-6-235(c)-(d) Fees, costs and expenses

(c) Legal services rendered to a child for his benefit and protection are necessities which the child's parents or any person obligated by law for the child's support may be

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held responsible. In every case in which a guardian ad litem has been appointed to represent the child under W.S. 14-6-216 or in which counsel has been appointed under W.S. 14-6-222 to represent the child, the child's parents, guardian or other person responsible for the child's support, the court shall determine whether the child, the child's parents, guardian or other person responsible for the child's support is able to pay part or all of the costs of representation and shall enter specific findings on the record. If the court determines that any of the parties is able to pay any amount as reimbursement for costs of representation, the court shall order reimbursement or shall state on the record the reasons why reimbursement was not ordered. The court may also in any case order that all or any part of the costs and expenses enumerated in paragraphs (b)(i), (iii), (iv) and (vii) of this section, be reimbursed to the county by the child, his parents or any person legally obligated for his support, or any of them jointly and severally, upon terms the court may direct. An order for reimbursement of costs made pursuant to this subsection may be enforced as provided in W.S. 14-6-236. Any reimbursement ordered for guardian ad litem services provided pursuant to W.S. 14-12-101 through 14-12-104 shall be apportioned between the county and the guardian ad litem program in accordance with payments made for those services.


(d) The department of family services shall promulgate rules and regulations establishing a standard fee schedule for probation services provided under this act. In every case in which a child has been placed on probation under W.S. 14-6-229(d), the court shall determine whether the child, the child's parents, guardian or other person legally obligated for the child's support is able to pay part or all of the expenses of probation determined in accordance with the department's fee schedule and shall enter specific findings on the record. If the court determines that any of the parties is able to pay any amount as reimbursement for expenses of probation, the court shall order reimbursement by any or all of the parties, jointly and severally, or shall state on the record the reasons why reimbursement was not ordered. An order for reimbursement of expenses made pursuant to this subsection may be enforced as provided in W.S. 14-6-236.

All Not provided for At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge without hearing No

Reimbursement for costs of representation; reimbursement for expenses of probation.

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Wyoming Wyo. R. Crim. P. 44(b),(d) Right to Assignment of Counsel

(b) Procedure. The procedures for implementing the right set out in subdivision (a) shall be those provided by W.S. 7-6-101 et seq. and by these rules. The appointment of counsel

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for delinquency cases is governed by W.S. 14-6-222 and, fees, costs and expenses for delinquency cases are governed by W.S. 14-6-235.
(1) The determination of a defendant's eligibility for appointed counsel is a judicial function. An attorney should be appointed at the earliest time after a defendant makes a request, but only after appropriate inquiry into the defendant's financial circumstances and a determination of eligibility.
(2) A defendant requesting appointed counsel must submit a financial affidavit or provide sworn testimony on the record detailing income, expenses, assets and liabilities and may be required to update the affidavit or testimony from time to time.
(3) The judicial officer shall advise any defendant who has requested appointed counsel that, to the extent of ability to do so, the defendant will be required to contribute to the cost of representation. At the time counsel is appointed, the judicial officer shall determine the defendant's ability to make monthly or other periodic payments and require the defendant to make such payments to the clerk of the court as a condition of the appointment.
(4) If at any time after appointment it appears to a judicial officer that a defendant is financially able to make payment, in whole or in part, for legal services, the judicial officer shall require such payments or terminate the appointment.
(5) A separate order of appointment shall be entered as part of the record by the court for each defendant.
(6) After a hearing, a judicial officer may permit a defendant to withdraw a request for appointed counsel.
(7) If appointed counsel obtains information that a client is financially able to make payment in whole or in part for legal services in connection with his or her representation and the source of the attorney's information is not protected as a privileged communication, counsel shall advise the court and ask that the person be required to contribute to the cost of representation or that the appointment be terminated.
(8) Appointed counsel shall represent the defendant at every stage from initial appearance through appeal; however, the appellate section of the public defender's office may be substituted for trial counsel to handle an appeal.


(d) Rules establishing standard of indigency. Rule 44(d) is adopted as required by W.S. 7-6-103(c). A person is entitled to the appointment of counsel if, at the time counsel is needed, the person is unable to provide for the full payment of an attorney and all other necessary expenses of representation. In making a determination of eligibility, the judicial officer shall consider:
(1) The probable cost of representation given the number and severity of the offenses charged and the factual and legal complexity of the case.
(2) The defendant's income from all sources and the defendant's capacity to earn income.
(3) The expenses of the defendant's household and whether a spouse or roommate contributes or ought to contribute to those expenses.
(4) The defendant's responsibility for the support of others.
(5) The defendant's assets whether held individually or with others.
(6) The defendant's debts and the periodic payments due on the debts.
(7) The defendant's capacity to borrow money.
Uncertainty as to a defendant's eligibility for appointed counsel should be resolved in the defendant's favor. An erroneous determination of eligibility may be corrected at any time.

All

Indigency - A person is entitled to the appointment of counsel if, at the time counsel is needed, the person is unable to provide for the full payment of an

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attorney and all other necessary expenses of representation. In making a determination of eligibility, the judicial officer shall consider:
(1) The probable cost of representation given the number and severity of the offenses charged and the factual and legal complexity of the case.
(2) The defendant's income from all sources and the defendant's capacity to earn income.
(3) The expenses of the defendant's household and whether a spouse or roommate contributes or ought to contribute to those expenses.
(4) The defendant's responsibility for the support of others.
(5) The defendant's assets whether held individually or with others.
(6) The defendant's debts and the periodic payments due on the debts.
(7) The defendant's capacity to borrow money.

At enforcement of fine or fee Burden on defendant to show inability to pay Determined by judge without hearing No

Counsel appointed