Poverty Penalties and Poverty Traps

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State Statute Description/Statute Name Statutory language Type of poverty penalty or poverty trap Level of offense Mandatory
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Maine Me. Rev. Stat. tit 17-A § 1751(6)(B) Assessment of reimbursement fee against prisoners

6. Motion to enforce payment of reimbursement fee. The attorney for the State, the attorney for the county or the court may initiate a motion to enforce payment of a reimbursement

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fee. Notification for the hearing on the motion must be sent by regular mail to the individual's last known address. If the individual does not appear for the hearing after proper notification has been sent, the court may issue a bench warrant.

B. If it appears that the default is excusable, the court may give the offender additional time for payment or may reduce the amount of each installment.

Condition or extension of supervision All No
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Maine Me. Rev. Stat. tit 17-A § 1807(8) Conditions of probation

8. Condition of probation that includes staying within jurisdiction of court; application fee; use of fees. Whenever the court requires as a condition of probation that the person remain within the

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jurisdiction of the court, unless permission to leave temporarily is granted in writing by the person's probation officer, the Department of Corrections may impose on a person applying for such permission an application fee of $25. The department may impose on a person an additional fee of $25 per month if permission is sought and granted to leave the jurisdiction of the court on a periodic basis. Permission to leave may not be denied or withdrawn solely because the person is not able to pay the application fee or the additional fee. When a person fails to pay a fee imposed under this subsection, the department may refuse to process the application or may withdraw permission to leave if the failure to pay is attributable to the person's willful refusal to pay or to a failure on the person's part to make a good faith effort to obtain the funds required for the payment.

Condition or extension of supervision Felony No
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Maine Me. Rev. Stat. tit 17-A § 1753 Electronic monitoring fee and substance testing fee as conditions of probation

If a court imposes a sentencing alternative authorized under section 1502 that includes a period of probation, upon the request of the Department of Corrections, the court shall attach as

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a condition of probation an electronic monitoring fee, a substance testing fee or both, as governed by section 1807, subsection 7.

Condition or extension of supervision All No
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Maine Me. Rev. Stat. tit 17-A § 1807(2)(B),(K) Conditions of probation

2. Specific conditions of probation authorized.  As a condition of probation, the court in its sentence may require the person to: B. Make restitution pursuant to chapter 69 to each

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victim of the person’s crime, or to the county where the offense is prosecuted if the identity of the victim cannot be ascertained or if the victim voluntarily refuses the restitution. If the court orders as a condition of probation that the person forfeit and pay a specific amount of restitution, that order, as a matter of law, also constitutes the imposition of restitution pursuant to chapter 69 as a sentencing alternative and an additional order regarding restitution is unnecessary;
K. Pay any monetary penalty imposed by the court as part of the sentence.

Condition or extension of supervision All No
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Maine Me. Rev. Stat. tit 17-A § 1752 Supervision fee as condition of probation

If a court imposes a sentencing alternative authorized under section 1502 that includes a period of probation, it must attach as a condition of probation that the convicted individual pay,

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through the Department of Corrections, a supervision fee imposed pursuant to section 1807, subsection 6 for the term of probation.

Condition or extension of supervision All No
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North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 15A-1343(c1)-(e) Conditions of probation

(c1) Supervision Fee.--Any person placed on supervised probation pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall pay a supervision fee of forty dollars ($40.00) per month, unless exempted by the

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court. The court may exempt a person from paying the fee only for good cause and upon motion of the person placed on supervised probation. No person shall be required to pay more than one supervision fee per month. The court may require that the fee be paid in advance or in a lump sum or sums, and a probation officer may require payment by such methods if he is authorized by subsection (g) to determine the payment schedule. Supervision fees must be paid to the clerk of court for the county in which the judgment was entered, the deferred prosecution agreement was filed, or the conditional discharge was ordered. Fees collected under this subsection shall be transmitted to the State for deposit into the State's General Fund.

(c2) Electronic Monitoring Device Fees.--Any person placed on house arrest with electronic monitoring under subsection (a1) or (b1) of this section shall pay a fee of ninety dollars ($90.00) for the electronic monitoring device and a daily fee in an amount that reflects the actual cost of providing the electronic monitoring. The court may exempt a person from paying the fees only for good cause and upon motion of the person placed on house arrest with electronic monitoring. The court may require that the fees be paid in advance or in a lump sum or sums, and a probation officer may require payment by those methods if the officer is authorized by subsection (g) of this section to determine the payment schedule. The fees must be paid to the clerk of court for the county in which the judgment was entered, the deferred prosecution agreement was filed, or the conditional discharge was ordered. Fees collected under this subsection for the electronic monitoring device shall be transmitted to the State for deposit into the State's General Fund. The daily fees collected under this subsection shall be remitted to the Department of Public Safety to cover the costs of providing the electronic monitoring.

(d) Restitution as a Condition of Probation.--As a condition of probation, a defendant may be required to make restitution or reparation to an aggrieved party or parties who shall be named by the court for the damage or loss caused by the defendant arising out of the offense or offenses committed by the defendant. When restitution or reparation is a condition imposed, the court shall take into consideration the factors set out in G.S. 15A-1340.35 and G.S. 15A-1340.36. As used herein, “reparation” shall include but not be limited to the performing of community services, volunteer work, or doing such other acts or things as shall aid the defendant in his rehabilitation. As used herein “aggrieved party” includes individuals, firms, corporations, associations, other organizations, and government agencies, whether federal, State or local, including the Crime Victims Compensation Fund established by G.S. 15B-23. A government agency may benefit by way of reparation even though the agency was not a party to the crime provided that when reparation is ordered, community service work shall be rendered only after approval has been granted by the owner or person in charge of the property or premises where the work will be done.

(e) Costs of Court and Appointed Counsel.--Unless the court finds there are extenuating circumstances, any person placed upon supervised or unsupervised probation under the terms set forth by the court shall, as a condition of probation, be required to pay all court costs and all fees and costs for appointed counsel, public defender, or counsel employed by or under contract with the Office of Indigent Defense Services in the case in which the person was convicted. The fees and costs for appointed counsel, public defender, or other counsel services shall be determined in accordance with rules adopted by the Office of Indigent Defense Services. The court shall determine the amount of those costs and fees to be repaid and the method of payment.

Condition or extension of supervision All No
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North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 15A-1340.38(c) Enforcement of certain orders for restitution

(c) If the defendant is ordered to pay restitution under G.S. 15A-1340.34(b) as a condition of probation, a judgment docketed under this section may be collected in the same manner as a

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civil judgment. However, the docketed judgment for restitution may not be executed upon the property of the defendant until the date of notification to the clerk of superior court in the county of the original conviction that the judge presiding at the probation termination or revocation hearing has made a finding that restitution in a sum certain remains due and payable, that the defendant's probation has been terminated or revoked, and that the remaining balance of restitution owing may be collected by execution on the judgment. The clerk shall then enter upon the judgment docket the amount that remains due and payable on the judgment, together with amounts equal to the standard fees for docketing, copying, certifying, and mailing, as appropriate, and shall collect any other fees or charges incurred as in the enforcement of other civil judgments, including accrued interest. However, no interest shall accrue on the judgment until the entry of an order terminating or revoking probation and finding the amount remaining due and payable, at which time interest shall begin to accrue at the legal rate pursuant to G.S. 24-5. The interest shall be applicable to the amount determined at the termination or revocation hearing to be then due and payable. 

Collection fee/interest, Condition or extension of supervision All Yes
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North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 15A-1368.4(f) Conditions of post-release supervision

Required Supervision Fee.--The Commission shall require as a condition of post-release supervision that the supervisee pay a supervision fee of forty dollars ($40.00) per month. 

Condition or extension of supervision All No