Poverty Penalties and Poverty Traps

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State Statute Description/Statute Name Statutory language Type of poverty penalty or poverty trap Level of offense Mandatory
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Florida Fla. Stat. §775.0844(8)(b) White Collar Crime Victim Protection Act

The court retains jurisdiction to enforce its order to pay fines or restitution. The court may initiate proceedings against a defendant for a violation of probation or for contempt of

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court if the defendant willfully fails to comply with a lawful order of the court.

Condition or extension of supervision Felony Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §775.0844(8)(a) White Collar Crime Victim Protection Act

The court shall make the payment of restitution a condition of any probation granted to the defendant by the court. Notwithstanding any other law, the court may order continued probation

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for a defendant convicted under this section for up to 10 years or until full restitution is made to the victim, whichever occurs earlier.

Condition or extension of supervision Felony Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §316.193(6) Driving under the influence; penalties

. . . However, in satisfaction of the fine imposed pursuant to this section, the court may, upon a finding that the defendant is financially unable to pay either all

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or part of the fine, order that the defendant participate for a specified additional period of time in public service or a community work project in lieu of payment of that portion of the fine which the court determines the defendant is unable to pay. In determining such additional sentence, the court shall consider the amount of the unpaid portion of the fine and the reasonable value of the services to be ordered; however, the court may not compute the reasonable value of services at a rate less than the federal minimum wage at the time of sentencing.

Community service All No
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Florida Fla. Stat. §984.22(6) Power of disposition

The participation and cooperation of the family, parent, guardian, or custodian, and the child with court-ordered services, treatment, or community service are mandatory, not merely voluntary. The court may use

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its contempt powers to enforce its order.

Increased fine All No
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Florida Fla. Stat. §948.09(6) Payment for cost of supervision and other monetary obligations

The department shall establish a payment plan for all costs ordered by the courts for collection by the department and a priority order for payments, except that victim restitution payments

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authorized under s. 948.03(1)(f) take precedence over all other court-ordered payments. The department is not required to disburse cumulative amounts of less than $10 to individual payees established on this payment plan.

Payment plan/installment plan All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §948.09(3) Payment for cost of supervision and other monetary obligations

Any failure to pay contribution as required under this section may constitute a ground for the revocation of probation by the court, the revocation of parole or conditional release by

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the Florida Commission on Offender Review, the revocation of control release by the Control Release Authority, or removal from the pretrial intervention program by the state attorney.

Condition or extension of supervision All No
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Florida Fla. Stat. §948.06(5) Violation of probation or community control; revocation; modification; continuance; failure to pay restitution or cost of supervision

In any hearing in which the failure of a probationer or offender in community control to pay restitution or the cost of supervision as provided in s. 948.09, as directed,

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is established by the state, if the probationer or offender asserts his or her inability to pay restitution or the cost of supervision, it is incumbent upon the probationer or offender to prove by clear and convincing evidence that he or she does not have the present resources available to pay restitution or the cost of supervision despite sufficient bona fide efforts legally to acquire the resources to do so. If the probationer or offender cannot pay restitution or the cost of supervision despite sufficient bona fide efforts, the court shall consider alternate measures of punishment other than imprisonment. Only if alternate measures are not adequate to meet the state's interests in punishment and deterrence may the court imprison a probationer or offender in community control who has demonstrated sufficient bona fide efforts to pay restitution or the cost of supervision.

Incarceration All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §985.039(7) Cost of supervision; cost of care

With respect to a child who has been placed under the supervision or care of the department and whose parent receives public assistance for any portion of such child's care,

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the department must seek a federal waiver to garnish or otherwise order the payment of a portion of the public assistance relating to such child, in an amount not to exceed the amount of the parent's obligation, in order to offset the costs to the department associated with providing supervision or care of such child.

Wage/bank account garnishment All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §984.09(2) Punishment for contempt of court; alternative sanctions

PLACEMENT IN A SECURE FACILITY.—A child may be placed in a secure facility for purposes of punishment for contempt of court if alternative sanctions are unavailable or inappropriate, or if

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the child has already been ordered to serve an alternative sanction but failed to comply with the sanction.(a) A delinquent child who has been held in direct or indirect contempt may be placed in a secure detention facility for 5 days for a first offense or 15 days for a second or subsequent offense, or in a secure residential commitment facility. (b) A child in need of services who has been held in direct contempt or indirect contempt may be placed, for 5 days for a first offense or 15 days for a second or subsequent offense, in a staff-secure shelter or a staff-secure residential facility solely for children in need of services if such placement is available, or, if such placement is not available, the child may be placed in an appropriate mental health facility or substance abuse facility for assessment. In addition to disposition under this paragraph, a child in need of services who is held in direct contempt or indirect contempt may be placed in a physically secure setting as provided under s. 984.226 if conditions of eligibility are met.

Incarceration All No
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Florida Fla. Stat. §984.09(4)(d) Punishment for contempt of court; alternative sanctions

In addition to any other sanction imposed under this section, the court may direct the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to withhold issuance of, or suspend, a child's

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driver license or driving privilege. The court may order that a child's driver license or driving privilege be withheld or suspended for up to 1 year for a first offense of contempt and up to 2 years for a second or subsequent offense. If the child's driver license or driving privilege is suspended or revoked for any reason at the time the sanction for contempt is imposed, the court shall extend the period of suspension or revocation by the additional period ordered under this paragraph. If the child's driver license is being withheld at the time the sanction for contempt is imposed, the period of suspension or revocation ordered under this paragraph shall begin on the date on which the child is otherwise eligible to drive. For a child in need of services whose driver license or driving privilege is suspended under this paragraph, the court may direct the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to issue the child a license for driving privileges restricted to business or employment purposes only, as defined in s. 322.271, or for the purpose of completing court-ordered community service, if the child is otherwise qualified for a license. However, the department may not issue a restricted license unless specifically ordered to do so by the court.

Driver's license suspension/impoundment All No
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Florida Fla. Stat. §985.455(1) Other dispositional issues

(1) The court that has jurisdiction over an adjudicated delinquent child may, by an order stating the facts upon which a determination of a sanction and rehabilitative program was made

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at the disposition hearing:

(a) Require the child and, if the court finds it appropriate, the child's parent or guardian, together with the child, to render community service in a public service program.

(b) Order the child and, if the court finds it appropriate, the child's parent or guardian, together with the child, to participate in a community work project, either as an alternative to monetary restitution or as part of the rehabilitative or probation program.

(c) Revoke or suspend the driver license of the child.

(d) Order the child, upon a determination of the child's inability to pay, to perform community service in lieu of all court costs assessed against the delinquent child, including costs of prosecution, public defender application fees, and costs of representation.

Community service All No
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Florida Fla. Adm. Code §33-203.201(10) Inmate Trust Fund

(10) Any cost judgment or other monetary judgment, order, or sanction imposed against an inmate as described in subsection (9) above, shall be paid by offsetting the amount of the

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judgment or monetary order or sanction against the inmate's funds in his Inmate Trust Fund account in the following manner:

(a) The attorney representing the state in such civil or criminal action or appeal shall file with the Office of the General Counsel, Department of Corrections, 501 South Calhoun Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2500, a true copy of the judgment or other monetary order or sanction which has been entered by the appropriate court, together with a cover letter stating the date and amount of the judgment, monetary order, or sanction, or the balance remaining if less than the face amount thereof, as well as the attorney's name, address and telephone number. The attorney shall also certify in the letter that: 1. He has been employed by the State to handle such action; 2. The enclosed copy of the judgment or other monetary order or sanction is a true and accurate copy thereof as actually entered by the court; 3. The judgment or relevant order is final; and 4. A copy of the letter, together with a copy of the judgment or relevant order has been furnished to the inmate at his last known address as indicated in the attorney's records.

(b) Upon receipt of the above documents, the Office of the General Counsel shall determine if the inmate is still in the custody of the Department. If the inmate is not in the custody of the Department, the Office of the General Counsel shall advise the attorney of that fact and, if known, advise the attorney of the last known forwarding address of the inmate. If the inmate is in the custody of the Department, the Office of the General Counsel shall forward the letter and a copy of the judgment or relevant order to the Bureau of Finance and Accounting, Inmate Trust Fund Section.

(c) Once the Bureau of Finance and Accounting, Inmate Trust Fund Section, receives the letter and a copy of the judgment or relevant order, a hold shall immediately be placed on the inmate's account. The inmate shall be promptly advised of the hold and that the reason therefore is an unsatisfied judgment or other monetary order or sanction. A copy of the attorney’s letter or the letter from the probation and parole field office and a copy of the judgment or relevant order will be given to the inmate upon his request.

(d) If there are sufficient funds in the inmate’s account to satisfy the amount shown as due or the remaining balance as stated by the attorney, the appropriate officer shall promptly cause a check to be issued payable to the State of Florida” and shall return the check to the attorney. The check shall be drawn and credited against funds in the inmate's account. At such time, the hold shall be released on the inmate's account. It shall be the attorney's responsibility to see that the check is forwarded to the appropriate state agency or entity.

(e) If there are insufficient funds in the inmate's account to satisfy the amount shown as due or the balance remaining as stated by the attorney, a check shall be issued payable to the State of Florida for the amount contained in the inmate's account. Each time that the inmate receives funds in his account, payment shall be disbursed to the State of Florida until the debt is satisfied. The hold shall remain on the inmate's account until sufficient funds have been paid to satisfy the amount shown as due or the balance remaining thereon. If the inmate is released from the custody of the Department before he has paid the full amount of the judgment, upon his release, a notice shall be sent to the attorney or probation and parole office advising the attorney or office of the inmate’s release, the inmate's last forwarding address, if known, and the fact that the inmate has not paid the full amount of the judgment. A copy of this notice shall be placed in the inmate's file.

Wage/bank account garnishment All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §947.181 Fines, fees, restitution, or other costs ordered to be paid as conditions of parole

(1) The commission shall require the payment of fines, fees, restitution, or other court-ordered costs as a condition of parole unless the commission finds reasons to the contrary. Restitution to

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the aggrieved party for injury, damage, or loss caused by the offense for which the parolee was imprisoned shall have first priority in the payment of amounts owed under this section. If the commission does not require the payment of fines, fees, restitution, or other court-ordered costs or requires only partial payment of the fines, fees, restitution, or other court-ordered costs, the commission shall state on the record the reasons for its decision.

(2) If the parolee fails to make the payments as required in subsection (1), it shall be considered by the commission as a violation of parole as specified in s. 947.21 and may be cause for revocation of parole.

(3) If a defendant is paroled, any restitution ordered under s. 775.089 shall be a condition of such parole. The Florida Commission on Offender Review may revoke parole if the defendant fails to comply with such order.

(4) In determining whether to revoke parole, the commission shall consider the defendant’s employment status, earning ability, and financial resources; the willfulness of the defendant’s failure to pay; and any other special circumstances that may have a bearing on the defendant’s ability to pay.

Condition or extension of supervision All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §946.002(2) Requirement of labor; compensation; amount; crediting of account of prisoner; forfeiture; civil rights; prisoner not employee or entitled to compensation insurance benefits

(2)(a) Each prisoner who is engaged in productive work in any state correctional institution, program, or facility under the jurisdiction of the department may receive for work performed such compensation

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as the department shall determine. Such compensation shall be in accordance with a schedule based on quality and quantity of work performed and skill required for performance, and said compensation shall be credited to the account of the prisoner or the prisoner’s family.

(b) Any monetary payments made directly to the prisoner shall be used in whole or in part to satisfy restitution ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction to the victim of the criminal act.

(c) It shall be the policy of the department to require inmates receiving compensation for work performed in community programs to reimburse the state for lodging, food, transportation, and other expenses incurred for sustaining the inmate. Reimbursement shall be according to rules promulgated by the department, which shall provide that the inmate retain only a minimal amount of money for personal items and shall take into consideration compensation that may be allocated for the support of the inmate’s family and for restitution for the victim of the crime committed.

Wage/bank account garnishment All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. Ann. § 322.245(1) Suspension of license upon failure of person charged with specified offense

(1) If a person charged with a violation of any of the criminal offenses enumerated in s. 318.17 or with the commission of any offense constituting a misdemeanor under chapter

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320 or this chapter fails to comply with all of the directives of the court within the time allotted by the court, the clerk of the traffic court shall mail to the person, at the address specified on the uniform traffic citation, a notice of such failure, notifying him or her that, if he or she does not comply with the directives of the court within 30 days after the date of the notice and pay a delinquency fee of up to $25 to the clerk, from which the clerk shall remit $10 to the Department of Revenue for deposit into the General Revenue Fund, his or her driver license will be suspended. The notice shall be mailed no later than 5 days after such failure. The delinquency fee may be retained by the office of the clerk to defray the operating costs of the office.

Driver's license suspension/impoundment All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. Ann. § 322.245(1) Suspension of license upon failure of person charged with specified offense

(1) If a person charged with a violation of any of the criminal offenses enumerated in s. 318.17 or with the commission of any offense constituting a misdemeanor under chapter

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320 or this chapter fails to comply with all of the directives of the court within the time allotted by the court, the clerk of the traffic court shall mail to the person, at the address specified on the uniform traffic citation, a notice of such failure, notifying him or her that, if he or she does not comply with the directives of the court within 30 days after the date of the notice and pay a delinquency fee of up to $25 to the clerk, from which the clerk shall remit $10 to the Department of Revenue for deposit into the General Revenue Fund, his or her driver license will be suspended. The notice shall be mailed no later than 5 days after such failure. The delinquency fee may be retained by the office of the clerk to defray the operating costs of the office.

Collection fee/interest All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §322.245(2) Suspension of license upon failure of person charged with specified offense

(2) In non-IV-D cases, if a person fails to pay child support under chapter 61 and the obligee so requests, the depository or the clerk of the court shall mail in

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accordance with s. 61.13016 the notice specified in that section, notifying him or her that if he or she does not comply with the requirements of that section and pay a delinquency fee of $25 to the depository or the clerk, his or her driver license and motor vehicle registration will be suspended. The delinquency fee may be retained by the depository or the office of the clerk to defray the operating costs of the office after the clerk remits $15 to the Department of Revenue for deposit into the General Revenue Fund.

Driver's license suspension/impoundment All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §775.089(1)(a) Restitution

In addition to any punishment, the court shall order the defendant to make restitution to the victim for: 1. Damage or loss caused directly or indirectly by the defendant’s offense;

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and 2. Damage or loss related to the defendant’s criminal episode, unless it finds clear and compelling reasons not to order such restitution. Restitution may be monetary or nonmonetary restitution. The court shall make the payment of restitution a condition of probation in accordance with s. 948.03. An order requiring the defendant to make restitution to a victim does not remove or diminish the requirement that the court order payment to the Crimes Compensation Trust Fund pursuant to chapter 960. Payment of an award by the Crimes Compensation Trust Fund shall create an order of restitution to the Crimes Compensation Trust Fund, unless specifically waived in accordance with subparagraph (b)1.

Condition or extension of supervision All Yes
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Florida Fla. Stat. §938.30(5)-(9) Financial obligations in criminal cases; supplementary proceedings

(5) The court may order that any nonexempt property of the person which is in the hands of another be applied toward satisfying the obligation.

(6) If judgment has not been

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previously entered on any court-imposed financial obligation, the court may enter judgment thereon and issue any writ necessary to enforce the judgment in the manner allowed in civil cases. Any judgment issued under this section constitutes a civil lien against the judgment debtor’s presently owned or after-acquired property, when recorded pursuant to s. 55.10. Supplementary proceedings undertaken by any governmental entity to satisfy a judgment imposed pursuant to this section may proceed without bond and without the payment of statutory fees associated with judgment enforcement.

(7) Provisions of the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act apply to collection matters under this section and may be used to collect any court-imposed financial obligation subject to this section.

(8) If a criminal or civil judgment has previously been entered on a court-imposed financial obligation, the judgment constitutes a civil lien against the judgment debtor’s presently owned or after-acquired real or personal property when recorded pursuant to s. 55.10, except that a judgment on a court-imposed financial obligation is not subject to the 10-year rerecording requirement of s. 55.10. The judgment must secure all unpaid court-imposed financial obligations that are due and may accrue subsequent to the recording of the judgment, as well as interest and reasonable costs for issuing a satisfaction and recording the satisfaction in the official records.

(9) The clerk of the court shall enforce, satisfy, compromise, settle, subordinate, release, or otherwise dispose of any debts or liens imposed and collected under this section in the same manner as prescribed in s. 938.29(3).

Property liens All No
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Florida Fla. Stat. §938.30(2) Financial obligations in criminal cases; supplementary proceedings

The court may require a person liable for payment of an obligation to appear and be examined under oath concerning the person’s financial ability to pay the obligation. The judge

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may convert the statutory financial obligation into a court-ordered obligation to perform community service, subject to the provisions of s. 318.18(8), after examining a person under oath and determining the person’s inability to pay. Any person who fails to attend a hearing may be arrested on warrant or capias issued by the clerk upon order of the court.

Incarceration All No