Below are all of the laws that govern the structure of courts that match your search criteria.

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Alabama Ala.Code 1975 § 12-2-7 Supreme court - jurisdiction
(1) To exercise appellate jurisdiction coextensive with the state, under such restrictions and regulations as are prescribed by law; but, in deciding appeals, no weight shall be given the decision
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of the trial judge upon the facts where the evidence is not taken orally before the judge, but in such cases the Supreme Court shall weigh the evidence and give judgment as it deems just.(2) To exercise original jurisdiction in the issue and determination of writs of quo warranto and mandamus in relation to matters in which no other court has jurisdiction. (3) To issue writs of injunction, habeas corpus, and such other remedial and original writs as are necessary to give to it a general superintendence and control of courts of inferior jurisdiction. (4) To make and promulgate rules governing the administration of all courts and rules governing practice and procedure in all courts; provided, that such rules shall not abridge, enlarge, or modify the substantive right of any party nor affect the jurisdiction of circuit and district courts or venue of actions therein; and provided further, that the right of trial by jury as at common law and declared by Section 11 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901 shall be preserved to the parties inviolate. (5) To punish for contempts by the infliction of a fine not exceeding $100, and imprisonment not exceeding 10 days or both. (6) To transfer to the Court of Civil Appeals, for determination by that court, any civil case appealed to the Supreme Court and within the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, except the following: a. A case that the Supreme Court determines presents a substantial question of federal or state constitutional law. b. A case that the Supreme Court determines involves a novel legal question, the resolution of which will have significant statewide impact. c. A utility rate case appealed directly to the Supreme Court under the provisions of Section 37-1-140. d. A bond validation proceeding appealed to the Supreme Court under the provisions of Section 6-6-754. e. A bar disciplinary proceeding. (7) To exercise such other powers as are or may be given to the Supreme Court by law.
Jurisdiction of the courts
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Alabama Ala.Code 1975 § 12-11-30 Circuit court - jurisdiction
(1) CIVIL. The circuit court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of all civil actions in which the matter in controversy exceeds ten thousand dollars ($10,000), exclusive of interest and costs,
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and shall exercise original jurisdiction concurrent with the district court in all civil actions in which the matter in controversy exceeds six thousand dollars ($6,000), exclusive of interest and costs.(2) CRIMINAL. The circuit court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of all felony prosecutions and of misdemeanor or ordinance violations which are lesser included offenses within a felony charge or which arise from the same incident as a felony charge; except, that the district court shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit court to receive pleas of guilty in felony cases not punishable by sentence of death. The circuit court may, on conviction of a defendant, upon a showing of inability to make immediate payment of fine and costs, continue the case from time to time to permit the fine and costs to be paid. (3) APPELLATE. The circuit court shall have appellate jurisdiction of civil, criminal, and juvenile cases in district court and prosecutions for ordinance violations in municipal courts, except in cases in which direct appeal to the Courts of Civil or Criminal Appeals is provided by law or rule. Appeals to the circuit court shall be tried de novo, with or without a jury, as provided by law. (4) SUPERINTENDENCE OF DISTRICT, MUNICIPAL AND PROBATE COURTS. The circuit court shall exercise a general superintendence over all district courts, municipal courts, and probate courts. (5) CONTEMPTS. The circuit court may punish contempts by fines not exceeding one hundred dollars ($100) and by imprisonment not exceeding five days. The power of the circuit court to enforce its orders and judgments by determinations of civil contempt shall be unaffected by this section. (6) GENERAL. The circuit court shall have other powers as provided by law.
Jurisdiction of the courts
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Michigan Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 10 Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 10 The jurisdiction of the court of appeals shall be provided by law and the practice and procedure therein shall be prescribed by rules of the supreme court. Jurisdiction of the courts
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Michigan Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 13 Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 13
The circuit court shall have original jurisdiction in all matters not prohibited by law; appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals except as otherwise provided by law; power to
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issue, hear and determine prerogative and remedial writs; supervisory and general control over inferior courts and tribunals within their respective jurisdictions in accordance with rules of the supreme court; and jurisdiction of other cases and matters as provided by rules of the supreme court.
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Michigan Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 15 Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 15
In each county organized for judicial purposes there shall be a probate court. The legislature may create or alter probate court districts of more than one county if approved in
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each affected county by a majority of the electors voting on the question. The legislature may provide for the combination of the office of probate judge with any judicial office of limited jurisdiction within a county with supplemental salary as provided by law. The jurisdiction, powers and duties of the probate court and of the judges thereof shall be provided by law. They shall have original jurisdiction in all cases of juvenile delinquents and dependents, except as otherwise provided by law.
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Michigan Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 1 Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 1
The judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in one court of justice which shall be divided into one supreme court, one court of appeals, one trial court of
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general jurisdiction known as the circuit court, one probate court, and courts of limited jurisdiction . . .
Jurisdiction of the courts
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Michigan Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 1 Michigan State Constitution Article VI Sec. 1
The judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in one court of justice which shall be divided into one supreme court . . . and courts of limited jurisdiction
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that the legislature may establish by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to and serving in each house.
Creation of the courts
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Alabama Ala.Code 1975 § 12-12-34 Juvenile jurisdiction Juvenile jurisdiction shall be exercised concurrently by the district court and the circuit court as provided by law. Jurisdiction of the courts
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Alabama Ala.Code 1975 § 12-12-51 District court - jurisdiction over misdemeanor prosecution for traffic violations The district court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of misdemeanor prosecutions for traffic infractions, except ordinance infractions prosecuted in municipal courts. Jurisdiction of the courts
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Arizona Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 5 Supreme court; jurisdiction; writs; rules; habeas corpus
The supreme court shall have:1. Original jurisdiction of habeas corpus, and quo warranto, mandamus, injunction and other extraordinary writs to state officers. 2. Original and exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine
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causes between counties concerning disputed boundaries and surveys thereof or concerning claims of one county against another. 3. Appellate jurisdiction in all actions and proceedings except civil and criminal actions originating in courts not of record, unless the action involves the validity of a tax, impost, assessment, toll, statute or municipal ordinance. 4. Power to issue injunctions and writs of mandamus, review, prohibition, habeas corpus, certiorari, and all other writs necessary and proper to the complete exercise of its appellate and revisory jurisdiction. 5. Power to make rules relative to all procedural matters in any court. 6. Such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law. Each justice of the supreme court may issue writs of habeas corpus to any part of the state upon petition by or on behalf of a person held in actual custody, and may make such writs returnable before himself, the supreme court, appellate court or superior court, or judge thereof.
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Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §12-120.21 Jurisdiction and venue
A. The court of appeals shall have:1. Appellate jurisdiction in all actions and proceedings originating in or permitted by law to be appealed from the superior court, except criminal actions
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involving crimes for which a sentence of death has actually been imposed. 2. Jurisdiction to issue writs of certiorari to review the lawfulness of awards of the industrial commission and to enter judgment affirming or setting aside the awards. 3. Jurisdiction to issue injunctions and other writs and orders necessary and proper to the complete exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. 4. Jurisdiction to hear and determine petitions for special actions brought pursuant to the rules of procedure for special actions, without regard to its appellate jurisdiction. B. A case or appeal of which the court of appeals has jurisdiction in an action or proceeding originating in or permitted by law to be appealed from the superior court in a county shall be brought or filed in the division which contains that county. An application for a writ of certiorari to review the lawfulness of an award of the industrial commission shall be brought in division 1.
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Arizona Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 14 Superior court; original jurisdiction
The superior court shall have original jurisdiction of:1. Cases and proceedings in which exclusive jurisdiction is not vested by law in another court. 2. Cases of equity and at law which
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involve the title to or possession of real property, or the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, toll or municipal ordinance. 3. Other cases in which the demand or value of property in controversy amounts to one thousand dollars or more, exclusive of interest and costs. 4. Criminal cases amounting to felony, and cases of misdemeanor not otherwise provided for by law. 5. Actions of forcible entry and detainer. 6. Proceedings in insolvency. 7. Actions to prevent or abate nuisance. 8. Matters of probate. 9. Divorce and for annulment of marriage. 10. Naturalization and the issuance of papers therefor. 11. Special cases and proceedings not otherwise provided for, and such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law.
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Arizona Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 15 Jurisdiction and authority in juvenile proceedings
The jurisdiction and authority of the courts of this state in all proceedings and matters affecting juveniles shall be as provided by the legislature or the people by initiative or
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referendum.
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Arizona Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 16 Superior court; appellate jurisdiction The superior court shall have appellate jurisdiction in cases arising in justice and other courts inferior to the superior court as may be provided by law. Jurisdiction of the courts
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Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 22-201 Jurisdiction of civil actions
A. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction only as affirmatively conferred on them by law.B. Justices of the peace have exclusive original jurisdiction of all civil actions when the amount
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involved, exclusive of interest, costs and awarded attorney fees when authorized by law, is ten thousand dollars or less. C. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction concurrent with the superior court in cases of forcible entry and detainer when the amount involved, exclusive of interest, costs and awarded attorney fees when authorized by law, is ten thousand dollars or less. D. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction to try the right to possession of real property when title or ownership is not a subject of inquiry in the action. If in any such action the title or ownership of real property becomes an issue, the justice shall so certify in the court record, at once stop further proceedings in the action and forward all papers, together with a certified copy of the court record in the action, to the superior court, where the action shall be docketed and determined as though originally brought in the superior court. E. In a county with a population of more than two million persons, the justice of the peace of each justice precinct shall have original jurisdiction to hear the following actions that occur in the respective precinct in which the justice of the peace is elected: 1. Civil actions pursuant to subsections B and C of this section. 2. Small claims pursuant to chapter 5 of this title.1 3. Civil traffic offenses unless a civil traffic offense is filed in a municipal court by a municipal officer or agent or by an officer employed by a law enforcement agency under contract to that municipality to provide law enforcement services. 4. Special detainers and forcible detainers pursuant to title 33, chapters 11 and 192 and forcible detainers pursuant to title 33, chapter 33 if the amount of rent requested is ten thousand dollars or less. F. In actions between landlord and tenant for possession of leased premises, the title to the property leased shall not be raised nor made an issue. G. If in any action before a justice of the peace a party files a verified pleading that states as a counterclaim a claim in which the amount involved, exclusive of interest and costs, is more than ten thousand dollars, the justice of the peace shall certify this in the court record, at once stop further proceedings in the action and forward all papers, together with a certified copy of the court record in the action, to the superior court, where the action shall be docketed and determined as though originally brought in the superior court. The party shall pay to the clerk of the superior court the same fees required to be paid by a defendant, and no other party in the action before the justice of the peace shall be required to pay any sum. If the party is finally adjudged to be entitled to recover on the counterclaim, exclusive of interest and costs, ten thousand dollars or less, the superior court may deny costs to the party and, in addition, may impose costs, including reasonable attorney fees, on the party. The superior court shall have original jurisdiction of the action, but at any time in furtherance of convenience or to avoid prejudice, or if it appears that the amount involved in the counterclaim, exclusive of interest and costs, is ten thousand dollars or less, it may remand the action, or any claim or counterclaim of which the justice court has jurisdiction, to the justice court and may order costs. H. The justice of the peace may require arbitration or other dispute resolution methods that are approved by the supreme court in all civil actions except eviction actions.
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Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 22-301 Jurisdiction of criminal actions
A. The justice courts shall have jurisdiction of the following offenses committed within their respective precincts: 1. Misdemeanors and criminal offenses punishable by a fine not exceeding two thousand five
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hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail for not to exceed six months, or by both a fine and imprisonment. Any penalty or other added assessments levied shall not be considered as part of the fine for purposes of determining jurisdiction. The amount of restitution, time payment fees or incarceration costs shall not be considered as part of the fine for purposes of determining jurisdiction. 2. Felonies, but only for the purpose of commencing action and conducting proceedings through preliminary examinations and holding the defendant to answer to the superior court or to discharge the defendant if it appears that there is not probable cause to believe the defendant is guilty of an offense. B. In a county with a population of more than two million persons, the justice of the peace of each justice precinct shall have original jurisdiction to hear misdemeanor offenses as set forth in subsection A, paragraph 1 of this section that occur within the respective precinct in which the justice of the peace is elected unless either of the following applies: 1. The offense is filed by a municipal officer or agent in a municipal court. 2. The offense is consolidated with a felony offense in the complaint, information or indictment. C. For the purposes of subsection A or B of this section, an offense is committed within the precinct of a justice court if conduct constituting any element of the offense or a result of such conduct occurs either: 1. Within the precinct. 2. Within a county park that includes a body of water located in two counties if one county has a population of more than three million persons and one county has a population of more than two hundred thousand persons but less than three hundred thousand persons and the precinct includes some part of the county park.
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Arizona Ariz. Const. art. VI, § 1 Judicial power; courts
The judicial power shall be vested in an integrated judicial department consisting of a supreme court, such intermediate appellate courts as may be provided by law, a superior court, such
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courts inferior to the superior court as may be provided by law, and justice courts.
Creation of the courts
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Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §12-120 Creation of court of appeals; court of record; composition; sessions
A. There is created a court of appeals which shall constitute a single court and such court shall be a court of record.B. The court of appeals shall be divided
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into two divisions which shall be designated as division 1 and division 2. Division 1 shall have sixteen judges, consisting of the chief judge and five departments of three judges each, denominated, respectively, department A, department B, department C, department D and department E. Division 2 shall have six judges, consisting of two departments of three judges each, denominated, respectively, department A and department B. C. Division 1 shall consist of the counties of Maricopa, Yuma, La Paz, Mohave, Coconino, Yavapai, Navajo and Apache. D. Division 2 shall consist of the counties of Pima, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Greenlee, Graham and Gila. E. The sessions of divisions 1 and 2 shall be held in Phoenix and Tucson, respectively. Sessions may be held at places other than Phoenix or Tucson when in the opinion of a majority of the judges of a division or department the public interest so requires. The judges of the respective divisions and departments may hold sessions in either division and shall do so when directed by the chief justice of the supreme court. Each judge of the court of appeals may participate in matters pending before a different division or department. F. No more than three judges of the court of appeals, including superior court judges and retired judges sitting with the court, shall hear and determine a matter and render a decision, and a majority of two of the three judges shall be sufficient to render a decision.
Creation of the courts
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Louisiana LA RS §13:101. Supreme court jurisdiction The state shall be divided into seven supreme court districts. The supreme court shall be composed of one justice elected from each of the seven districts as set forth below: Jurisdiction of the courts
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Louisiana LA RS §13:312. Court of appeals circuits There shall be five court of appeal circuits, which shall be subdivided into districts as follows: Jurisdiction of the courts