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Structure of Courts

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	State	Statute	Description/Statute Name	Statutory language	Court/legal body	Function
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Pennsylvania	42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 1302 (West)	Traffic court - jurisdiction and venue	(a) General rule.--Except as set forth in subsection (a.1) or as otherwise prescribed by any general rule adopted pursuant to section 503 (relating to reassignment of matters), each traffic court + See more shall have jurisdiction of all prosecutions for summary offenses arising under:(1) Title 75 (relating to vehicles). (2) Any ordinance of any political subdivision enacted pursuant to Title 75.	Traffic court	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Pennsylvania	42 Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § 1341	Third class city traffic courts authorized	Any city of the third class may establish by ordinance a traffic court which shall be a court not of record. The court shall be held by such of the + See more magisterial district judges of the city as shall be designated by the president judge of the court of common pleas upon petition by the city. If established, the court shall be for the city so establishing it.	Traffic court	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	California	Cal. Con. art. VI, § 2	Supreme Court; justices; time for convening; concurrence required for judgment; acting Chief Justice	The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice ofCalifornia and 6 associate justices. The Chief Justice may convene the court at any time. Concurrence of 4 judges present at + See more the argument is necessary for a judgment. An acting Chief Justice shall perform all functions of the Chief Justice when the Chief Justice is absent or unable to act. The Chief Justice or, if the Chief Justice fails to do so, the court shall select an associate justice as acting Chief Justice.	Supreme Court	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	California	Cal. Con. art. VI, § 3	Courts of appeal; districts; divisions; power; concurrence required for judgment; acting presiding justice	The Legislature shall divide the State into districts eachcontaining a court of appeal with one or more divisions. Each division consists of a presiding justice and 2 or more associate justices. + See more It has the power of a court of appeal and shall conduct itself as a 3-judge court. Concurrence of 2 judges present at the argument is necessary for a judgment. An acting presiding justice shall perform all functions of the presiding justice when the presiding justice is absent or unable to act. The presiding justice or, if the presiding justice fails to do so, the Chief Justice shall select an associate justice of that division as acting presiding justice.	Court of Appeals	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	California	Cal. Con. Art. VI, Sec. 4	Superior courts; officers and employees; appellate divisions	In each county there is a superior court of one or morejudges. The Legislature shall prescribe the number of judges and provide for the officers and employees of each superior + See more court. If the governing body of each affected county concurs, the Legislature may provide that one or more judges serve more than one superior court. In each superior court there is an appellate division. The Chief Justice shall assign judges to the appellate division for specified terms pursuant to rules, not inconsistent with statute, adopted by the Judicial Council to promote the independence of the appellate division.	Superior Court	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	California	Cal. Con. art. VI, § 12	Supreme Court; review	The Supreme Court may review the decision of a court of appeal in any cause.	Supreme Court	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	California	Cal. Const. art. VI, § 1	Judicial power	The judicial power of this State is vested in the Supreme Court, courts of appeal, and superior courts, all of which are courts of record.	Judicial power generally	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 1	Judicial power	The judicial power of the State shall be vested in one Supreme Court, one Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts, and such other courts as the General Assembly may establish.	Supreme Court	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 2	Supreme Court	The Supreme Court shall consist of the Chief Justice of the State and not less than four nor more than eight associate justices; a majority of whom shall form a + See more quorum. The court may appoint such personnel as may be necessary.	Supreme Court	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 4	Jurisdiction of Supreme Court	The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction except in admission to the practice of law; discipline or disbarment of those admitted; the unauthorized practice of law; discipline, removal, and + See more retirement of justices and judges; supervision of the exercise of jurisdiction by the other courts of the State; and issuance of writs necessary or appropriate in aid of its jurisdiction. The Supreme Court shall exercise appellate jurisdiction under such terms and conditions as specified by rules except that appeals from a judgment imposing a sentence of death shall be taken directly to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall have, in all appeals of criminal cases, the power to review all questions of law and to review and revise the sentence imposed.	Supreme Court	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 5	Court of Appeals	The Court of Appeals shall consist of as many geographic districts and sit at such locations as the General Assembly shall determine to be necessary. Each geographic district of the + See more Court shall consist of three judges. The judges of each geographic district shall appoint such personnel as the General Assembly may provide by law.	Court of Appeals	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 6	Jurisdiction of Court of Appeals	The Court shall have no original jurisdiction, except that it may be authorized by rules of the Supreme Court to review directly decisions of administrative agencies. In all other cases, + See more it shall exercise appellate jurisdiction under such terms and conditions as the Supreme Court shall specify by rules which shall, however, provide in all cases an absolute right to one appeal and to the extent provided by rule, review and revision of sentences for defendants in all criminal cases.	Court of Appeals	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 7	Judicial circuits	The State shall, from time to time, be divided into judicial circuits; and a Judge for each circuit shall be elected by the voters thereof. He shall reside within the + See more circuit and shall have been duly admitted to practice law by the Supreme Court of Indiana; he shall hold his office for the term of six years, if he so long behaves well.	Circuit Courts	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	IN Const. Art. 7, § 8	Circuit courts	The Circuit Courts shall have such civil and criminal jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law.	Circuit Courts	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	Ind. Code § 33-24-1-2	Jurisdiction (Supreme Court)	(a) The supreme court has jurisdiction in appeals coextensive with the state and has jurisdiction as provided by the Constitution of the State of Indiana.(b) The supreme court has exclusive + See more jurisdiction to: (1) admit attorneys to practice law in all courts of the state; and (2) issue restraining orders and injunctions in all cases involving the unauthorized practice of the law; under rules and regulations as the supreme court may prescribe.	Supreme Court	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	Ind. Code § 33-26-3-1	Limited jurisdiction (Tax Court)	The tax court is a court of limited jurisdiction. The tax court has exclusive jurisdiction over any case that arises under the tax laws of Indiana and that is an + See more initial appeal of a final determination made by:(1) the department of state revenue with respect to a listed tax (as defined in Ind. Code § 6-8.1-1-1); or (2) the Indiana board of tax review.	Tax Court	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	Ind. Code § 33-28-1-2	Jurisdiction (Circuit Courts)	(a) All circuit courts have:(1) original and concurrent jurisdiction in all civil cases and in all criminal cases; (2) de novo appellate jurisdiction of appeals from city and town courts; and (3) + See more in Marion County, de novo appellate jurisdiction of appeals from township small claims courts established under Ind. Code § 33-34. (b) The circuit court also has the appellate jurisdiction that may be conferred by law upon it.	Circuit Courts	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	Ind. Code § 33-29-1-1.5	Jurisdiction (Superior Courts)	All standard superior courts have:(1) original and concurrent jurisdiction in all civil cases and in all criminal cases; (2) de novo appellate jurisdiction of appeals from city and town courts; and (3) + See more in Marion County, de novo appellate jurisdiction of appeals from township small claims courts established under Ind. Code § 33-34.	Superior Courts	Jurisdiction of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	Ind. Code § 33-31-1-1	Creation and establishment of court (St. Joseph County Probate Court)	There is established a probate court in St. Joseph County known as the St. Joseph Probate Court. The court shall be presided over by one (1) judge to be chosen + See more as provided in this chapter.	Probate Court	Creation of the courts
Add to Dashboard + Create New	Indiana	Ind. Code § 33-31-1-9	Jurisdiction (Probate Courts)	All probate courts have:(1) original and concurrent jurisdiction in all civil cases and in all criminal cases; (2) de novo appellate jurisdiction of appeals from city and town courts; and (3) in + See more Marion County, de novo appellate jurisdiction of appeals from township small claims courts established under Ind. Code § 33-34.	Probate Court	Jurisdiction of the courts

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