Ability to Pay

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State Statute Description/Statute Name Statutory language Level of offense Definition of ability to pay Timeline Burden of proof Method of determination Mandatory Remedies if unable to pay
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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 269, § 14B(b) Willful and malicious communication of false information to public safety answering points; penalty

Upon any conviction under this section, the court shall conduct a hearing to ascertain the extent of costs incurred, and damages and financial loss sustained by any emergency response services

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provider as a result of the violation and shall order the defendant to make restitution to the emergency response services provider or providers for any such costs, damages or loss. The court shall consider the defendant’s present and future ability to pay restitution in its determinations relative to the imposition of a fine. In determining the amount, time and method of payment of restitution, the court shall consider the defendant’s employment status, earning ability, financial resources, living expenses, dependents and any special circumstances that may have bearing on their ability to pay. The court may waive restitution or modify the amount, time or method of payment if such restitution payment would cause a substantial financial hardship to the defendant or the defendant’s immediate family or the defendant’s dependents.

 

Felony

A substantial financial hardship to the defendant or the defendant’s immediate family or the defendant’s dependents.

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing Yes

Waive restitution or modify the amount, time or method of payment if such restitution payment

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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 266, § 108 Destroying Vessel to Defraud Owner or Insurer.

The court shall, after conviction, conduct an evidentiary hearing to ascertain the extent of the damages or financial loss suffered as a result of the defendant’s crime and may then

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determine the amount and method of restitution. In so determining, the court shall consider the financial resources of the defendant and the burden restitution will impose on the defendant. The defendant’s present and future ability to make such restitution shall be considered.

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Not provided for

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing Yes

N/A

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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 266, § 108 Destroying Vessel to Defraud Owner or Insurer.

If a defendant who is required to make restitution defaults in any payment of restitution or installment thereof, the court may hold him in contempt unless said defendant has made

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a good faith effort to make restitution. If the defendant has made such good faith effort, the court may, upon motion of the defendant, modify the order requiring restitution by: (a) providing for additional time to make any payment in restitution; (b) reducing the amount of any payment in restitution or installment thereof; (c) granting a remission from any payment of restitution or part thereof.

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N/A

At defendant's request at enforcement Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

Modify restitution order by providing for additional time to make any payment in restitution, reducing the amount of any payment in restitution or installment thereof, or  granting a remission from

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any payment of restitution or part thereof.

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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 276, § 87A Participation in Rehabilitative Programs or Performance of Community Service Work.

The court shall not assess said monthly probation fee or said administrative probation fee upon any person placed on supervised probation or administrative supervised probation after release from prison or

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a house of correction for said person’s first 6 months of such probation. Either or both of said fees shall be assessed after the first 6 months of such probation unless otherwise waived by the court pursuant to this section.

The court may waive payment of either or both of said fees if it determines after a hearing that such payment would impose a substantial financial hardship on the person, the person’s immediate family or dependents. Following the hearing and upon a finding of hardship, the court may require any such person to perform unpaid community service work at a public or nonprofit agency or facility, monitored by the probation department, for not more than 4 hours per month in lieu of payment of a probation fee. A waiver shall be in effect only during the period of time that a person is unable to pay the monthly probation fee.

All

A substantial financial hardship on the person, the person’s immediate family or dependents

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

Perform unpaid community service work at a public or nonprofit agency or facility, monitored by the probation department, for not more than 4 hours per month in lieu of payment

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of a probation fee; waiver in effect only during the period of time that a person is unable to pay the monthly probation fee.

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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 276, § 87A Participation in Rehabilitative Programs or Performance of Community Service Work.

The court shall also assess upon every person placed on supervised probation, including all persons placed on probation for offenses under section 24 of chapter 90, a monthly probationers’ victim services

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surcharge, hereinafter referred to as “victim services surcharge”, in the amount of $5 per month. Said person shall pay said victim services surcharge once each month during such time as said person remains on supervised probation. The court shall assess upon every person placed on administrative supervised probation a monthly administrative probationer’s victim services surcharge, hereinafter referred to as “administrative victim services surcharge” in the amount of $5 per month.

Said person shall pay said administrative victim services surcharge once each month during such time as said person remains on administrative supervised probation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, said fees shall not be assessed upon any person accused or convicted of a violation of section 1 or 15 of chapter 273, where compliance with an order of support for a spouse or minor child is a condition of probation.

The court may waive payment of either or both of said fees if it has determined, after a hearing, that the payment would impose a substantial financial hardship on the person, the person’s immediate family or dependents. A waiver shall be in effect only during the period of time that the person is unable to pay the monthly probation fee.

All

Substantial financial hardship on the person, the person’s immediate family or dependents

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

Waiver in effect only during the period of time that the person is unable to pay the monthly probation fee.

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Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 276, § 92A Restitution in cases involving motor vehicle theft or fraudulent claims

Restitution shall be imposed in addition to incarceration or fine, but not in lieu thereof. In an extraordinary case such as indigency, the court may determine that the interests of

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the victim and justice would not be served by ordering restitution. In such a case, the court shall make and enter specific written findings on the record concerning the extraordinary circumstances presented which militated against the imposition of restitution.

The court shall, after conviction, conduct an evidentiary hearing to ascertain the extent of the damages or financial loss suffered as a result of the defendant’s crime. The court may then determine the amount and method of restitution. In so determining, the court shall consider the financial resources of the defendant and the burden restitution will impose on the defendant. The defendant’s present and future ability to make such restitution shall be considered.

A defendant ordered to make restitution may petition the court for remission from any payment of restitution or from any unpaid portion thereof. If the court finds that the payment of restitution due will cause a substantial financial hardship to the defendant, the defendant’s immediate family or the defendant’s dependents, the court may grant remission from any payment of restitution, or modify the amount, time or method of payment.

If a defendant who is required to make restitution defaults in any payment of restitution or installment thereof, the court may hold him in contempt unless said defendant has made a good faith effort to make restitution. If the defendant has made a good faith effort to make restitution, the court may, upon motion of the defendant, modify the order requiring restitution by: (a) providing for additional time to make any payment in restitution; (b) reducing the amount of any payment in restitution or installment thereof; (c) granting a remission from any payment of restitution or part thereof.

All

Indigency; a substantial financial hardship to the defendant, the defendant’s immediate family or the defendant’s dependents; modify the order requiring restitution by (a) providing for additional time to make any payment in restitution;

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(b) reducing the amount of any payment in restitution or installment thereof; (c) granting a remission from any payment of restitution or part thereof.

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing Yes

Not order restitution; remission from any payment of restitution, or modification the amount, time or method of payment; 

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Idaho Idaho Code § 31-3204 Victim Notification -- Fee

The court shall charge a fee of fifteen dollars ($ 15.00) for victim notification purposes to be paid by each person found guilty of each felony, misdemeanor or infraction under section

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18-8001 or 49-301, Idaho Code, or first-time infraction under section 23-604 or 23-949, Idaho Code, except when the court orders such fee waived because the person is indigent and unable to pay such fee. Such fee shall be in addition to all other fines and fees levied. Such fee shall be paid to the county treasurer who shall, within five (5) days after the end of the month, pay such fees to the state treasurer for deposit in the state victim notification fund established in section 67-2912, Idaho Code.

All

"Person is indigent and unable to pay such fee."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

The court may order such fee waived.

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Idaho Idaho Code § 31-3201E Drug Court and Mental Health Court Fee -- Drug Court and Mental Health Court Fund

Each person admitted into a drug court or mental health court shall pay a drug court and mental health court fee in an amount not to exceed three hundred dollars

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($ 300) per month or a lesser amount as set by the administrative district judge for participants in the drug court and mental health court. For good cause, the judge presiding over a drug court or mental health court may exempt a participant from paying all or a portion of the drug court and mental health court fee. The fee imposed under this section shall be paid to the clerk of the district court for deposit into the county drug court and mental health court fund which is hereby created in each county that has a drug court or mental health court. Moneys in this fund may be accumulated from year to year and shall be expended exclusively for expenses incurred in connection with the drug court or mental health court including, but not limited to, substance abuse treatment, mental health treatment, drug testing, supervision and private counseling services utilized by the drug court or mental health court. Any failure to pay the drug court and mental health court fee may constitute grounds for termination from drug court or mental health court by the court, provided this shall not be the exclusive remedy for collection of the fee. If a participant is terminated from the drug court or mental health court prior to successful completion of the program and a judgment of conviction is entered against the defendant, any unpaid drug court and mental health court fee shall be ordered by the court in the judgment of conviction, provided the court may order such fee to be waived if the court determines that the person is indigent and unable to pay the fee. Such fee shall be in addition to all other fines and fees levied, and the payment of such fee may also be ordered as a term and condition of probation.

All

"The person is indigent and unable to pay the fee."

At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

The court may order such fee to be waived.

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Idaho Idaho Code § 31-3201C Community Service Fee

The court shall charge a fee of sixty cents (60 cent(s) ) per hour of community service to be remitted to the state insurance fund for purposes of providing worker's

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compensation insurance for persons performing community service; however, if a county is self-insured and provides worker's compensation insurance for persons performing community service, then remittance to the state insurance fund is not required. This per hour fee shall be paid by each person found guilty of any felony or misdemeanor and community service is provided as part of the sanction or as a condition of a withheld judgment or probation. The court may waive such fee if it determines the person is indigent and unable to pay such fee. Such fees shall be in addition to all other fines and fees levied. Such fees shall be paid to the district court and deposited in the county treasury for payment to the state insurance fund.

All

"The person is indigent and unable to pay such fee."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

The court may waive such fee.

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Idaho Idaho Code § 31-3201A(2) Court Fees

Felonies and misdemeanors. A fee of seventeen dollars and fifty cents ($ 17.50) shall be paid, but not in advance, by each person found guilty of any felony or misdemeanor,

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except when the court orders such fee waived because the person is indigent and unable to pay such fee. Eleven dollars ($ 11.00) of such fee shall be paid to the county treasurer for deposit in the district court fund of the county, with six dollars ($ 6.00) of such eleven dollars ($ 11.00) dedicated to provide for the suitable and adequate quarters of the magistrate's division of the district court, including the facilities and equipment necessary to make the space provided functional for its intended use, and shall provide for the staff personnel, supplies and other expenses of the magistrate's division; one dollar ($ 1.00) of such filing fee shall be paid to the peace officers standards and training fund established in section 19-5116, Idaho Code; and five dollars and fifty cents ($ 5.50) of such fee shall be paid to the county treasurer who shall pay such fees to the state treasurer for deposit in accordance with subsection (15) of this section.

All

"The person is indigent and unable to pay such fee."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

The court may order such fee waived.

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Idaho Idaho Code § 31-3220(1)(d);(2);(3) Inability to Pay Fees -- Definitions -- Affidavit

(1) (d)  "Indigent" means a person who is not a prisoner, as defined in section 31-3220A, Idaho Code, and who is found by the court to be unable to pay fees, costs or

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give security for the purpose of prepayment of fees, costs or security in a civil action;   (2) The court may authorize the commencement or defense of any action without prepayment of fees, costs or security, by any indigent person not a prisoner, providing: (a) The person files an affidavit that he is indigent as provided in subsection (3) of this section, and unable to pay fees, costs or give security; and (b) The court finds, after informal inquiry, that the person is indigent for the purpose of prepayment of fees, costs or security;   (3) The affidavit shall contain complete information as to: (a) The person's identity; (b) The nature and amount of his income; (c) His spouse's income; (d) The real and personal property owned; (e) His cash or checking accounts; (f) His dependents; (g) His debts; (h) His monthly expenses; (i) The nature of the action; (j) The affiant’s belief that he is entitled to redress. The affidavit shall also contain the following statements: "I am unable to pay the court costs. I verify that the statements made in this affidavit are true and correct." The affidavit shall be sworn as required by law. 

All

"'Indigent' means a person who is not a prisoner, as defined in section 31-3220A, Idaho Code, and who is found by the court to be unable to pay fees, costs or

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give security for the purpose of prepayment of fees, costs or security in a civil action."

At defendant's request before imposition of fine or fee Burden on defendant to show inability to pay Determined by judge after hearing No

No prepayment of fees, costs or security required.

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Idaho Idaho Code § 19-854 Determination of Indigency -- Factors Considered -- Partial Payment by Accused -- Reimbursement

(1) The determination of whether a person covered under section 19-852, Idaho Code, is an indigent person shall be deferred until his first appearance in court or in a suit

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for payment or reimbursement under section 19-858, Idaho Code, whichever occurs earlier. Thereafter, the court concerned shall determine, with respect to each proceeding, whether he is an indigent person;    (2) The court concerned shall presume that the following persons are indigent persons unless such a determination is contrary to the interests of justice: (a) Persons whose current monthly income does not exceed one hundred eighty-seven percent (187%) of the federal poverty guidelines issued annually by the federal department of health and human services; (b) Persons who receive, or whose dependents receive, public assistance pursuant to title 56, Idaho Code, in the form of food assistance, health coverage, cash assistance or child care assistance; or (c) Persons who are currently serving a sentence in a correctional facility or are being housed in a mental health facility;    (3) The court concerned may determine that persons other than those described in subsection (2) of this section are indigent persons. In determining whether a person is an indigent person and in determining the extent of his inability to pay, the court concerned may consider such factors as income, property owned, outstanding obligations, the number and ages of his dependents and the cost of bail. Participation in the Idaho health insurance exchange shall not result in the presumption of indigence;    (4) Release on bail does not necessarily prevent a person from being an indigent person;    (5) In each case, the person shall, subject to the penalties for perjury, certify in writing or by other record such material factors relating to his ability to pay as the court prescribes by rule. No information provided by a person pursuant to this subsection may be used as substantive evidence in any criminal or civil proceeding against the person except: (a) For impeachment purposes; (b) In a prosecution for perjury or contempt committed in providing the information; or (c) In an attempt to enforce an obligation to reimburse the state for the cost of counsel;    (6) To the extent that a person covered under section 19-852, Idaho Code, is able to provide for an attorney, the other necessary services and facilities of representation, and court costs, the court may order him to provide for their payment;    (7) Upon conviction, notwithstanding the form of judgment or withheld judgment, plea of guilty or finding of guilt for any crime regardless of the original crime or number of counts, an indigent person who receives the services of an attorney provided by the county may be required by the court to reimburse the county for all or a portion of the cost of those services related to the conviction, plea of guilty or finding of guilt, unless the requirement would impose a manifest hardship on the indigent person. The current inability of the indigent person to pay the reimbursement shall not, in and of itself, restrict the court from ordering reimbursement.

All

"The court concerned shall presume that the following persons are indigent persons unless such a determination is contrary to the interests of justice: (a) Persons whose current monthly income does

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not exceed one hundred eighty-seven percent (187%) of the federal poverty guidelines issued annually by the federal department of health and human services; (b) Persons who receive, or whose dependents receive, public assistance pursuant to title 56, Idaho Code, in the form of food assistance, health coverage, cash assistance or child care assistance; or (c) Persons who are currently serving a sentence in a correctional facility or are being housed in a mental health facility."

Before imposition of fine or fee Burden on defendant to show inability to pay Determined by judge after hearing No Not provided for
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Minnesota Minn. Stat. Ann. § 609.104(1)(b) Fine and Surcharge Collection

The defendant may contest the referral for collection based on inability to pay by requesting a hearing no later than the due date. The defendant shall be notified in writing at sentencing that under section 480.15, subdivision 10c, the court may refer the case for collection for nonpayment, and collection costs may be added to the amount due. The defendant shall also be notified in writing of the right to contest a referral for collection. The state court administrator shall develop

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the notice language.

All

Not provided for

At defendant's request at enforcement Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing Yes

Not specified

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Missouri Mo. Ann. Stat. § 559.021(6) Conditions of probation--compensation of victims--free work, public or charitable--defendant not an employee for workers’ compensation purposes--payment to county restitution fund, when

A defendant who fails to make a payment to a county law enforcement restitution fund may not have his or her probation revoked solely for failing to make such payment

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unless the judge, after evidentiary hearing, makes a finding supported by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant either willfully refused to make the payment or that the defendant willfully, intentionally, and purposefully failed to make sufficient bona fide efforts to acquire the resources to pay.

All

Not provided for

At enforcement of fine or fee Burden on government to show ability to pay Determined by judge after hearing Yes

Probation not revoked

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Idaho Idaho Code § 20-619(1);(3) Fee for Medical Service

(1)  County sheriff departments administering county jails may charge a nominal fee of twenty dollars ($ 20.00) to any nonindigent inmate who has sufficient funds in his commissary or personal account

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for the purpose of seeing the jail provided doctor or nurse for a medical complaint. In the event that an inmate is indigent, such service shall be provided by the county at no cost;   (3)  A "nonindigent" inmate, for purposes of this section, is an inmate who has money in his commissary or personal account normally used for the purchase of personal items for the inmate.

All

"A "nonindigent" inmate, for purposes of this section, is an inmate who has money in his commissary or personal account normally used for the purchase of personal items for the

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inmate."

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

"Such service shall be provided by the county at no cost."

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Minnesota Minn. Stat. Ann. § 609.904(2) Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO): Criminal Penalties

Fine. In lieu of the fine authorized by subdivision 1, a person convicted of violating section 609.903, who received economic gain from the act or caused economic loss or personal

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injury during the act, may be sentenced to pay a fine calculated under this subdivision. The maximum fine is three times the gross value gained or three times the gross loss caused, whichever is greater, plus court costs and the costs of investigation and prosecution reasonably incurred, less the value of any property forfeited under section 609.905. The district court shall hold a hearing to determine the amount of the fine authorized by this subdivision. In imposing a fine, the court shall consider the seriousness of the conduct, whether the amount of the fine is disproportionate to the conduct in which the person engaged, its impact on victims and any legitimate enterprise involved in that conduct, as well as the economic circumstances of the convicted person, including the effect of the imposition of the fine on the person's immediate family.

All

Economic circumstances of the convicted person, including the effect of the imposition of the fine on the person's immediate family

Before imposition of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

N/A

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Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-2206(1)(a),(2) Fine and costs; commitment until paid; installments; deduction from bond; suspension or revocation of motor vehicle operator's license

(1) (a) In all cases in which courts or magistrates have now or may hereafter have the power to punish offenses, either in whole or in part, by requiring the offender

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to pay fines or costs, or both, such courts or magistrates may make it a part of the sentence that the party stand committed and be imprisoned in the jail of the proper county until the fines or costs are paid or secured to be paid or the offender is otherwise discharged according to law if the court or magistrate determines that the offender has the financial ability to pay such fines or costs. The court or magistrate may make such determination at the sentencing hearing or at a separate hearing prior to sentencing. A separate hearing shall not be required. In making such determination, the court or magistrate may consider the information or evidence adduced in an earlier proceeding pursuant to section 29-3902, 29-3903, 29-3906, or 29-3916. At any such hearing, the offender shall have the opportunity to present information as to his or her income, assets, debts, or other matters affecting his or her financial ability to pay. Following such hearing and prior to imposing sentence, the court or magistrate shall determine the offender’s financial ability to pay the fines or costs, including his or her financial ability to pay in installments under subsection (2) of this section.

(2) If the court or magistrate determines, pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, that an offender is financially unable to pay such fines or costs in one lump sum but is financially capable of paying in installments, the court or magistrate shall make arrangements suitable to the court or magistrate and to the offender by which the offender may pay in installments. The court or magistrate shall enter an order specifying the terms of such arrangements and the dates on which payments are to be made. 

All

Not provided for

Before imposition of fine or fee Burden on defendant to show inability to pay Determined by judge after hearing Yes

Payment in installments.

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Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-2412(1)(a),(c) Fine and costs; nonpayment; commutation upon confinement; credit; amount

(1) (a) Any person arrested and brought into custody on a warrant for failure to pay fines or costs, for failure to appear before a court or magistrate on the due

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date of such fines or costs, or for failure to comply with the terms of an order pursuant to sections 29-2206 and 29-2206.01, shall be entitled to a hearing on the first regularly scheduled court date following the date of arrest. The purpose of such hearing shall be to determine the person’s financial ability to pay such fines or costs. At the hearing, the person shall have the opportunity to present information as to his or her income, assets, debts, or other matters affecting his or her financial ability to pay. Following the hearing, the court or magistrate shall determine the person’s ability to pay the fines or costs, including his or her financial ability to pay by installment payments as described in section 29-2206;

(c) If the court or magistrate determines that the person is financially unable to pay the fines or costs, the court or magistrate: (i) Shall either: (A) Enter an order pursuant to subdivision (1)(d) of this section discharging the person of such fines or costs; or (B) If the person is subject to an order to pay installments pursuant to section 29-2206, the court or magistrate shall either enter an order pursuant to subdivision (1)(d) of this section discharging the person of such obligation or make any necessary modifications to the order specifying the terms of the installment payments as justice may require and that will enable the person to pay the fines or costs; and (ii) May order the person to complete community service for a specified number of hours pursuant to sections 29-2277 to 29-2279;

 

All Not provided for At defendant's request at enforcement Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing Yes

Discharge payment of fines; installment payments; community service in lieu of fines.

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Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-2262.06(4) Fees; waiver; when; failure to pay; effect

The court shall waive payment of the monthly probation programming fees in whole or in part if after a hearing a determination is made that such payment would constitute an

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undue hardship on the offender due to limited income, employment or school status, or physical or mental handicap. Such waiver shall be in effect only during the period of time that the probationer or participant in a non-probation-based program or service is unable to pay his or her monthly probation programming fee.

All

Undue hardship due to limited income, employment or school status, or physical or mental hardship

At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing No

Waive payment of the monthly probation programming fees

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Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-2281 Restitution; determination of amount; manner of payment

To determine the amount of restitution, the court may hold a hearing at the time of sentencing. The amount of restitution shall be based on the actual damages sustained by

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the victim and shall be supported by evidence which shall become a part of the court record. The court shall consider the defendant’s earning ability, employment status, financial resources, and family or other legal obligations and shall balance such considerations against the obligation to the victim. In considering the earning ability of a defendant who is sentenced to imprisonment, the court may receive evidence of money anticipated to be earned by the defendant during incarceration. A person may not be granted or denied probation or parole either solely or primarily due to his or her financial resources or ability or inability to pay restitution. The court may order that restitution be made immediately, in specified installments, or within a specified period of time not to exceed five years after the date of judgment or defendant’s final release date from imprisonment, whichever is later

All

Defendant's earning ability, employment status, financial resources, and family or other legal obligations and shall balance such considerations against the obligation to the victim. In considering the earning ability of

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a defendant who is sentenced to imprisonment, the court may receive evidence of money anticipated to be earned by the defendant during incarceration.

At enforcement of fine or fee Not provided for Determined by judge after hearing Yes

N/A