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Tennessee Tenn. R. Crim. P. 15(d) Expenses
If a deposition is taken at the instance of the state or of a defendant who is unable to pay the deposition expenses, the court may order the state to
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pay:(1) the expense of the defendant and defendant's attorney for travel and subsistence to attend the deposition; and (2) the cost of the deposition transcript.
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Utah Utah R. Crim. P. 15 Expert Witnesses and Interpreters
The court shall determine the reasonable compensation of the expert and direct payment thereof. The parties may call expert witnesses of their own at their own expense. Upon showing that
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a defendant is financially unable to pay the fees of an expert whose services are necessary for adequate defense, the witness fee shall be paid as if he were called on behalf of the prosecution.
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Utah Utah R. Juv. P. 26 Rights of Minors in Delinquency Proceedings
If the parent, guardian or custodian of a minor is found not to be indigent, but does not or will not retain counsel for the minor and the minor has
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no means to retain counsel, the court may appoint counsel at public expense. However, the court may order, after giving the parent, guardian or custodian reasonable opportunity to be heard, that the parent, guardian or custodian reimburse the county for the cost of appointed counsel, in whole or in part, depending on ability to pay.
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Michigan Mich. Court R. 6.425(E)(3)(a)-(c) Incarceration for Nonpayment.
(a) The court shall not sentence a defendant to a term of incarceration, nor revoke probation, for failure to comply with an order to pay money unless the court finds,
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on the record, that the defendant is able to comply with the order without manifest hardship and that the defendant has not made a good faith effort to comply with the order.(b) Payment Alternatives. If the court finds that a defendant is unable to comply with an order to pay money without manifest hardship, the court may impose a payment alternative, such as a payment plan, modification of any existing payment plan, or waiver of part or all of the amount of money owed to the extent permitted by law.(c) Determining manifest hardship. The court shall consider the following criteria in determining manifest hardship: (i) Defendant’s employment status and history. (ii) Defendant’s employability and earning ability. (iii) The willfulness of the defendant’s failure to pay. (iv) Defendant’s financial resources. (v) Defendant’s basic living expenses, including but not limited to food, shelter, clothing, necessary medical expenses, or child support. (vi) Any other special circumstances that may have bearing on the defendant’s ability to pay.
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Massachusetts S.J.C. Rule 3:10(10)(a) Assignment of Counsel
If a judge determines that a party is indigent, the judge may not order, require, or solicit the party to make any payment toward the cost of counsel, except for
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an indigent counsel fee. The indigent counsel fee shall be waived where a judge, after the indigency verification process, determines that the party is unable without substantial financial hardship to pay the indigent counsel fee within 180 days. Where the indigent counsel fee is not waived, the judge may authorize the party to perform community service in lieu of payment of the indigent counsel fee in accordance with G. L. c. 211D, § 2A(g). The clerk shall enter the judge's determination on the court docket.
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Washington DC D.C. Super. Ct. R. Crim. P. CJA Plan for Furnishing Representation to Indigents Under the District of Columbia Criminal Justice Act
B. Determination of the Need for Counsel. In every criminal case in which a person is charged with a felony, misdemeanor, or other offense involving the possibility of imprisonment, or
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with juvenile delinquency or in need of supervision, or with a violation of probation, and appears without counsel, the Court shall advise the person that he or she has the right to be represented by counsel and that counsel will be appointed if desired and if he or she is financially unable to obtain counsel. In connection with any appointment of counsel made pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act, it shall be the duty of the Criminal Justice Act Office of the Public Defender Service, under the supervision of the Court, to determine whether a person is financially unable to obtain adequate representation. This obligation shall extend to both cases prosecuted by the United States and cases prosecuted by the District of Columbia. All statements made by a person in such an inquiry shall be made by affidavit, in such form as the Public Defender Service may prescribe, sworn to before a judicial officer, court clerk, deputy clerk, or notary public, and shall be retained in the case file. At any time while such person is represented by an attorney appointed pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act, the judicial officer presiding over such person's case may compare such affidavit with other statements made by such person when seeking pre-trial release or in the pre-sentence investigation process concerning his or her employment status or financial means and may take such action, if any, as may be appropriate under the circumstances and consistent with applicable law. If at any time after the appointment of counsel the Court finds that a person is financially able to obtain counsel or to make partial payment for representation, the Court may terminate the Criminal Justice Act appointment of counsel, order that any funds available to the person be paid as provided in D.C. Code § 11-2606 (2001), or take other appropriate action. Any funds required to be paid by the person pursuant to D.C. Code § 11-2606 shall be ordered payable to the Court.
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Alabama ARCrP Rule 6.3 Indigence - definition
(a) DEFINITION. The term “indigent,” as used in these rules, means a person who is financially unable to pay for his or her defense.(b) AFFIDAVIT OF SUBSTANTIAL HARDSHIP. A defendant
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desiring to proceed as an indigent shall complete under oath an affidavit of substantial hardship concerning his or her financial resources and may also be examined under oath regarding his or her financial resources by the court responsible for determining indigency. The defendant shall be advised of the penalties for perjury as provided by law. (c) RECONSIDERATION. If, after an initial determination of indigency or nonindigency, there has been a material change in circumstances or new information concerning a defendant's financial status becomes available, either the defendant requesting appointment of counsel, the defendant's appointed attorney, or the prosecutor may move for reconsideration of the defendant's financial status.
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Alabama ARCrP Rule 26.11 Imposition of restitution
(a) IMPOSITION OF RESTITUTION. Restitution should be ordered in all cases where a victim has been injured or damaged. The financial resources and obligations of the defendant and the burden
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that payment of restitution will impose should be considered in determining how much restitution is to be paid or collected, i.e., whether to be paid by installments and what length of time should be given for payment.(b) IMPOSITION OF FINE. If the court is given authority to impose a fine, in determining whether to impose a fine, the court should consider: (1) Whether there are particular reasons which make a fine appropriate as punishment for the defendant; (2) The financial resources and obligations of the defendant and the burden that payment of a fine will impose; (3) The ability of the defendant to pay a fine forthwith on an installment basis or on other conditions to be fixed by the court; (4) The extent to which payment of a fine will interfere with the ability of the defendant to make restitution or reparation to the victim of the crime; and (5) The amount of gain derived by the defendant or loss sustained by the victim as a result of defendant's commission of the offense, which amount shall be determined by the court from evidence presented at the sentence hearing if not stipulated by the parties. (c) IMPOSITION OF COSTS. Docket fees and other costs in criminal cases shall be assessed upon conviction. (d) DEFERRED AND INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS. If the defendant cannot pay the costs, fine, and/or restitution immediately after pronouncement of the sentence as preferred, the court may permit payment of the costs, fine, and/or restitution, at some later date, or in specified installments. (e) TO WHOM PAYMENT IS TO BE MADE. The payment of fines, costs, and monetary restitution shall be made to the clerk of the court, unless the court expressly directs otherwise. (f) ACTION UPON FAILURE TO PAY FINE OR RESTITUTION. (1) Defendants Not on Probation. If a defendant not on probation fails to pay a fine or restitution, or any installment thereof, within the prescribed time, the clerk shall notify the district attorney and the court. (2) Defendants on Probation. If a defendant on probation fails to pay a fine or restitution, or any installment thereof, within the prescribed time, the clerk shall give notice of such delinquency to defendant's probation officer. (3) When Payment Is to Be Made to Persons Other than the Clerk. Whether or not the defendant is on probation, if the payment is to be made to someone other than the clerk, the person to whom payment is to be made shall notify the probation officer (if the defendant is on probation) or the court (if the defendant is not on probation) of the defendant's failure to pay. (g) INQUIRY INTO DEFENDANT'S ABILITY TO PAY FINE OR RESTITUTION. If a defendant fails to pay a fine or restitution as directed, the court may inquire and cause an investigation to be made into the defendant's financial, employment, and family standing, and the reasons for nonpayment of the fine and/or restitution, including whether nonpayment of the fine and/or restitution was contumacious or due to indigency. (h) REMEDIES FOR NONPAYMENT OF FINE OR RESTITUTION. If the defendant fails to pay a fine and/or restitution, the court may: (1) Reduce the fine to an amount the defendant is able to pay; (2) Continue or modify the schedule of payments of the fine and/or restitution; (3) Direct that the defendant be incarcerated until the unpaid fine and/or restitution, or any portion thereof, is paid, subject, however, to section (i) of this rule; (4) Order an employer to withhold amounts from wages to pay fines and/or restitution; or (5) Release the defendant from obligation to pay the fine. (i) INCARCERATION FOR NONPAYMENT OF FINE OR RESTITUTION. (1) Incarceration shall not automatically follow the nonpayment of a fine or restitution. Incarceration should be employed only after the court has examined the reasons for nonpayment. After consideration of the defendant's situation, means, and conduct with regard to the nonpayment of the fine and/or restitution, the court shall determine the period of any incarceration in default of payment of the fine and/or restitution, subject to the following limitations: (i) In no event shall such period of incarceration exceed one (1) day for each fifteen dollars ($15.00) of the fine. (ii) If the fine was imposed in connection with a felony, the period of incarceration may not exceed one (1) year. (iii) If the fine was imposed in connection with a misdemeanor or municipal ordinance violation, the period of incarceration may not exceed one-third ( ⅓ ) of the maximum term of incarceration authorized for the offense. (iv) If, at the time the fine was imposed or the restitution was ordered, a sentence of incarceration was also imposed, the aggregate of the period of incarceration imposed pursuant to this rule and the term of the sentence originally imposed may not exceed the maximum term of imprisonment authorized for the offense. (2) In no case shall an indigent defendant be incarcerated for inability to pay a fine or court costs or restitution. (3) If the court orders a defendant to pay a fine and/or restitution imposed as a result of a traffic infraction, the court may suspend the defendant's privilege to operate a motor vehicle in this state upon a failure of the defendant to comply with the order of the court. If the defendant's privilege to operate a motor vehicle has been suspended for failure to comply with such court order, the privilege may remain suspended until the total amount of the fine and/or restitution imposed is paid. (j) COLLECTION OF COSTS. Court costs shall be deemed part of the penalty and the same procedures provided herein for nonpayment of fines shall apply for nonpayment of costs. (k) EXECUTION FOR FINE AND COSTS. If the fine or court costs are not discharged by payment or by service of a period of incarceration in default of the fine or court costs and if restitution is not discharged, the clerk may issue execution for the fine, restitution, and costs adjudged, or any portion remaining unpaid. The district attorney, or the county or municipal attorney, as applicable, shall institute appropriate proceedings or take necessary action to collect unpaid fines, restitution, and costs. Editors' Notes
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West Virginia W. Va. R. Crim. P. 17(b) Subpoena - ability to pay
Subpoena - Defendants unable to pay. — The court shall order at any time that a subpoena be issued for service on a named witness upon an ex parte application
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of a defendant upon a satisfactory showing that the defendant is financially unable to pay the fees of the witness and that the presence of the witness is necessary to an adequate defense. If the court orders the subpoena to be issued, the costs incurred by the process and the fees of the witness so subpoenaed shall be paid in the same manner in which similar costs and fees are paid in case of a witness subpoenaed in behalf of the state.
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West Virginia W. Va. R. Civ. P. 77(e) Waiver of fees
Filing of affidavit of indigence. — A person seeking waiver of fees, costs, or security, pursuant to Chapter 59, Article 2, Section 1 [§ 59-2-1] of the Code of West Virginia,
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shall execute before the clerk or a deputy an affidavit prescribed by the chief justice of the Supreme of Court of Appeals, which shall be kept confidential in divorce and domestic violence proceedings.
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West Virginia W. Va. R. Crim. P. 32(c)5 Right to Appeal
Notification of right to appeal. — After imposing sentence in a case which has gone to trial on a plea of not guilty, the court must advise the defendant of the
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right to appeal. After imposing sentence in any case, the court must advise the defendant of any right to appeal the sentence, and of the right of a person who is unable to pay the cost of an appeal to apply for leave to appeal in forma pauperis. If the defendant so requests, the clerk of the court shall prepare and file forthwith a notice of intent to appeal on behalf of the defendant.
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Maryland Md. Rule 4-353 Assessment of Costs pursuant to Article, § 7-409
Costs assessed pursuant to Code, Courts Article, § 7-409 shall be assessed separately from other costs and shall not be waived by the court except upon an express finding stated
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on the record that the defendant is not likely to be able to pay any significant part of those costs within the succeeding twelve years.
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Missouri Mo. Sup. Ct. R. 36.04 Minimum operating standards
Minimum Operating Standard # 2: Municipal divisions shall inquire of defendants and allow them to present information about their financial condition when assessing their ability to pay and establishing payment
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requirements for monies due
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Arizona Ariz. R. Crim. P. 6.7(d) Compensation of appointed counsel
If in determining that a person is indigent under Rule 6.4(a), the court finds that such person has financial resources which enable him or her to offset in part the
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costs of the legal services to be provided, the court shall order him or her to pay to the appointed attorney or the county, through the clerk of the court, such amount as it finds he or she is able to pay without incurring substantial hardship to himself or herself or to his or her family. Failure to obey an order under this section shall not be grounds for contempt or grounds for withdrawal by the appointed attorney, but an order under this section may be enforced by the payee in the manner of a civil judgment. Except as authorized herein, no person, organization or governmental agency may request or accept any payment or promise of payment for assisting in the representation of a defendant by court appointment.
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Arizona Ariz. R. Crim. P. 33.3 Disposition of other contempts; notice and hearing
Except as provided by law or by Rule 33.2, a person shall not be found in criminal contempt without a hearing held after notice of the charge. The hearing shall
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be set so as to allow a reasonable time for the preparation of the defense; the notice shall state the time and place of the hearing, and the essential facts constituting the contempt charged, the notice may be given orally by the judge in open court in the presence of the person charged, or by an order to show cause. The defendant is entitled to subpoena witnesses on his or her behalf and to release under Rule 7
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Mississippi URCCC Rule 11.04 Post-Conviction Fines, Payment of Fines, and Indigents Matters concerning post-conviction fines, payment of fines, indigents and imprisonment for nonpayment of fines shall be governed by § 99-19-20 of the Mississippi Code of 1972. Ability to pay
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Mississippi M.R.A.P. Rule 6(a)(1) Counsel on Appeal in Criminal Cases and Proceedings In Forma Pauperis in Criminal Cases
A defendant in a criminal case in a trial court who desires to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis shall file in the trial court a motion for leave so to proceed,
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together with an affidavit showing the defendant's inability to pay fees and costs. If the motion is granted, the defendant may so proceed without further application to the Supreme Court and without prepayment of fees or costs in either court. If the motion is denied, the trial court shall state in writing the reasons for the denial.
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Alaska Alaska R. Crim. P. 32.6(d) Judgment for Restitution
Hearing Regarding Payment Schedule. A defendant who is unable to pay restitution because of financial circumstances may request a hearing to ask the court to modify the restitution payment schedule.
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If the court holds a hearing and the defendant proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant is unable through good faith efforts to satisfy the payment schedule in the judgment for restitution, the court may modify the payment schedule, but may not reduce the amount of restitution.
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Alaska Alaska R. Crim. P. 39 Appointment of Counsel
(a) Informing Defendant of Right to Counsel. The court shall advise a defendant who appears without counsel for arraignment, change of plea, or trial of the right to be represented
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by counsel, and ask if the defendant desires the aid of counsel. The court shall not allow a defendant to proceed without an attorney unless the defendant understands the benefits of counsel and knowingly waives the right to counsel.(b) Appointment of Counsel for Persons Financially Unable to Employ Counsel. (1) If a defendant desires the aid of counsel but claims a financial inability to employ counsel, the court or its designee shall determine whether the defendant is eligible for court-appointed counsel under Criminal Rule 39.1. (2) Before the court appoints counsel for an indigent defendant at public expense, the court shall advise the defendant that the defendant will be ordered to repay the prosecuting authority for the cost of appointed counsel, in accordance with paragraph (d) of this rule, if the defendant is convicted of an offense. The court may enter such orders as appear reasonably necessary to prevent the defendant from dissipating assets to avoid payment of this cost. (3) If the court or its designee determines that a defendant is eligible for court-appointed counsel under Criminal Rule 39.1, the court shall appoint counsel pursuant to Administrative Rule 12 and notify counsel of the appointment. (4) In the absence of a request by a defendant otherwise entitled to appointment of counsel, the court shall appoint counsel unless the court finds that the defendant understands the benefits of counsel and knowingly waives the right to counsel. (5) If the trial court denies a defendant's request for appointed counsel, the defendant may request review of this decision by the presiding judge of the judicial district by filing a motion with the trial court within three days after the date of notice, as defined in Criminal Rule 32.3(c), of the denial. The trial court shall forward the motion, relevant materials from the court file, and an electronic recording of any relevant proceedings to the presiding judge. The presiding judge or his or her designee shall issue a decision within three days of receipt of these materials. (c) Costs of Appointed Counsel. (1) Entry of Judgment. (A) At the time of sentencing, revocation of probation, denial of a motion to withdraw plea, and denial of an application brought under Criminal Rule 35.1, the court shall inquire whether there is good cause why the court should not enter judgment for the cost of appointed counsel in the amount set out in subsection (d) of this rule. If no one asserts good cause to reduce the amount called for in subsection (d), the court shall enter judgment against the defendant in that amount. If it is alleged that there is good cause to reduce the normal amount, the court may either decide the issue at that time and enter judgment accordingly or schedule another hearing to consider the issue. (B) If the court finds that the actual cost of appointed counsel is less than the amount of payment called for in subsection (d), the court shall not enter judgment in an amount greater than the actual cost of counsel. (C) The judgment must be in writing. A copy of the judgment must be served on the defendant. The judgment bears interest at the rate specified in AS 09.30.070(a) from the date judgment is entered. The court shall order the defendant to apply for permanent fund dividends every year in which the defendant qualifies for the dividend until the judgment is paid in full. (2) Collection. (A) The judgment has the same force and effect as a judgment in a civil action in favor of the prosecuting authority and is subject to execution. (B) All proceedings to enforce the judgment shall be in accordance with the statutes and court rules applicable to civil judgments. The judgment is not enforceable by contempt. Payment of the judgment may not be made a condition of a defendant's probation. Default or failure to pay the judgment may not affect or reduce the rendering of services on appeal or any other phase of a defendant's case in any way. A defendant does not have a right to be represented by appointed counsel in connection with proceedings under paragraph 39(c) or any proceedings to collect the judgment. (C) Upon showing of financial hardship, the court shall allow a defendant subject to a judgment under this rule to make payments under a repayment schedule. A defendant may petition the court at any time for remission, reduction or deferral of the unpaid portion of the judgment. The court may remit or reduce the balance owing on the judgment or change the method of payment if the payment would impose manifest hardship on the defendant or the defendant's immediate family. (D) Notwithstanding section 39(c)(2)(B), a defendant may be held in contempt for failing to comply with an order under this rule to apply for a permanent fund dividend. (3) Appeal. (A) If the defendant appeals the conviction, enforcement of the judgment may be stayed by the trial court or the appellate court upon such terms as the court deems proper. (B) If the defendant's conviction is reversed, the clerk shall vacate the judgment and order the prosecuting authority to repay all sums paid in satisfaction of the judgment, plus interest at the rate specified in AS 09.30.070(a). (d) Schedule of Costs. Except for good cause shown as provided in paragraph (c)(1), the following schedules govern the assessment of costs of appointed counsel under subsection (c). If a defendant is convicted of more than one offense in a single dispositive court proceeding, costs shall be based on the most serious offense of which the defendant is convicted. If a defendant is otherwise convicted of more than one offense, costs shall be separately assessed for each conviction. For good cause shown, the court may waive the schedule of costs and assess fees up to the actual cost of appointed counsel, including actual expenses. (e) Review of Defendant's Financial Condition. (1) The court may review a defendant's financial status at any time after appointment of counsel to determine (A) whether the defendant continues to be eligible for court-appointed counsel under Criminal Rule 39.1; or (B) whether the defendant was eligible for court-appointed counsel when the appointment was made. (2) If the court determines that a defendant is no longer eligible for court-appointed counsel under Criminal Rule 39.1, the court may (A) terminate the appointment; or (B) continue the appointment and, at the conclusion of the criminal proceedings against the defendant in the trial court, enter judgment against the defendant for the actual cost of appointed counsel, including actual expenses, from the date of the change in the defendant's financial status through the conclusion of the trial court proceedings. (3) If the court determines that a defendant was not eligible for court-appointed counsel when the appointment was made, the court may (A) terminate the appointment and enter judgment against the defendant for the actual costs of appointed counsel, including actual expenses, from the date of appointment through the date of termination; or (B) continue the appointment and, at the conclusion of the criminal proceedings against the defendant in the trial court, enter judgment against the defendant for the actual cost of appointed counsel from the date of the appointment through the conclusion of the trial court proceedings. (4) A defendant may request review of the court's decision to terminate the appointment according to the procedure set out in subparagraph 39(b)(5). (5) Judgment may be entered against a defendant under this paragraph regardless of whether the defendant is convicted of an offense.
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Alaska Alaska R. Crim. P. 50 Attorneys
Appearance by Counsel--Withdrawal. In all criminal actions, counsel retained to represent the accused shall, immediately after being retained, file with the clerk a formal written appearance. The Rules of Civil
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Procedure relating to the withdrawal of an attorney for a party shall apply to attorneys retained to represent an accused in a criminal actions. If review is sought of a final judgment in a criminal case or a final order resolving a post-conviction relief action, counsel will not be permitted to withdraw unless a different attorney has entered the case or until the notice of appeal or petition and the initial documents required to be filed under Appellate Rule 204(b), Appellate Rule 215(c), or Appellate Rule 403(h) have been accepted for filing by the clerk of the appellate courts as provided in Appellate Rule 517.1(f)(1)(A), or unless the appellate court otherwise allows.(b) Civil Rules to Apply. All other provisions of the Rules of Civil Procedure relating to attorneys, regarding examining witnesses, counsel as a witness, non-resident attorneys, and disbarment and discipline, shall apply to practice in criminal actions in the courts of the state. (c) Penalties. After giving the attorney reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court may impose against any attorney a fine not to exceed $500.00 for failure to comply with these rules or any other rules of court.
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